Buccinator
the trumpeter's muscle, one of the maxillary group of muscles of the cheek. They are the active agents beautifully in mastication, and are adapted for it. The buccinator circumscribes the cavity of the mouth and, aided by the tongue, keeps the food under the pressure of the teeth; it also helps to shorten the pharynx from before backward, and thus assists in deglutition. BUCCINIDÆ, a family of mollusks belonging to the order prosobranchiata, and the section siphonostomata. They constitute part of Cuvier's buccinoida. They have the shell notched in front, or with the canal abruptly reflected so as to produce a varix on the front of the shell. The leading genera are buccinum terehra, eburna, nassa, purpura, cassis, dolium, harpa and oliva.
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Buccinum
the typical genus of the family buccinidæ. In Er English they are called whelks, which are not to be confounded with the periwinkle, also sometimes called whelk. B. undatum is the common whelk. Species of the genus exist in the cretaceous rocks, but it is essentially Tertiary and recent.
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Buccleugh
the title (now a dukedom) of one of the oldest families in Scotland, tracing descent from Sir Richard le Scott in the reign of Alexander III. (latter half of the 13th century), and first becoming conspicuous in the person of the border chieftain Sir Walter Scott, of Branxholm and Buccleugh the latter an estate in Selkirkshire. The son of Sir Walter, bearing the same name, was, for his valor and services, raised to the peerage, in 1606, as Lord Scott of Buccleugh, and his successor was made an Earl in 1619. In 1663 the titles and estates devolved upon Anne, daughter of the second Earl, who married the Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II., the pair, in 1673, being created Duke and Duchess of Buccleugh, etc. Subsequently the Dukedom of Queensberry passed, by marriage, into the family.
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Bucentaur
a mythical monster, half man and half ox. The splendid galley in which the Doge of Venice annually wedded the Adriatic bore this name, doubtless because of the figure of a bucentaur on her bow. Three ships were built for this ceremony, enjoined by Pope Alexander III., and all bore a bucentaur figure-head; and the last one was destroyed by the French in 1798. 1
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Bucer
MARTIN (bü-sā' or bū'ser), a Protestant reformer, born in Alsace, in 1491; first united with Luther, but afterward inclined to Zwinglius, though he labored much to bring the two parties into a union. He went to England, in 1549, and was made Divinity Professor at Cambridge, where he died, Feb. 28, 1551. In the reign of Mary, his body was taken up and burned. His writings are very numerous.
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Buchanan
ROBERT WILLIAMS, an English author, born in Warwickshire, Aug. 18, 1841. He received his education in Glasgow, and while young went to London to engage in literature. His attack upon Dante Gabriel Rossetti drew a famous letter from that poet on "The Stealthy School of Criticism," and a scathing pamphlet from Swinburne, "Under the Microscope" (1872). His poems include "London Poems" (1866); "Ballads of Love, Life and Humor" (1882); "The City of Dreams” (1888); etc. Buchanan also wrote novels and plays. He died in London, June 10, 1901. BUCHANANIA a genus of anacardiaceæ (anacards). B. latifolia is a large Indian tree, the kernel of the nut of which is much used in native confectionery. It abounds in a bland oil. A black varnish is made from the fruits. The unripe fruits of B. lancifolia are eaten by the natives of India in their curries.
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Buchtel
HENRY AUGUSTUS, an American educator, born in Akron, O., in 1847. He graduated from De Pauw University in 1872 and in the same year was ordained to the Methodist Episcopal ministry. After serving a year as missionary in Bulgaria he filled pastorates in several cities in Illinois, Denver, Indianapolis, and East Orange, N. J. In 1900 he was chosen chancellor of the University of Denver. He was elected Governor of Colorado in 1907, serving until 1909. BUCHTEL COLLEGE. See AKRON, MUNICIPAL UNIVERSITY OF.
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Buchu
a south African name for several species of barosma, especially B. crenata, crenulata, and serratifolia. They belong to the order rutaceæ, and the section endiosmeæ. They have a powerful and usually offensive odor, and have been recommended as antispasmodics and diuretics.
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Buck
a name sometimes distinctively appropriated to the adult male of the fallow deer, the female of which is a doe. The term is often also applied to the male of other species of deer, as of the roebuck, although never to that of the red deer, which, when mature, is a stag or a hart.
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Buck
BEAUMONT BONAPARTE, an American army officer, born in Mayhew, Miss., in 1860. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1885 and from the Army War College in 1909. He was made brigadier-general, Aug. 5, 1917, and went with the First Expeditionary Force to France. He commanded the Third Division of the Fifth Army Corps and did excellent work in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. In 1918 he was promoted to the rank of major-general. He received the D. S. C. and various foreign decorations.
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Buck (DUDLEY an American organist)
DUDLEY, an American organist, composer, and author, born in Hartford, Conn., March 10, 1839. He was for many years organist of churches in Brooklyn, N. Y. Aside from a number of cantatas, he has written several books: "A Dictionary of Musical Terms," a work on the "Influence of the Organ in History" (1882), etc. The "Centennial Cantata," for the opening of the Exposition of 1876, by appointment of the United States Centennial Commission, the "Forty-Sixth Psalm," the "Legend of Don Munio," Munio," the "Golden Legend," of Longfellow, and the "Marmion" symphonic overture, are among his larger works with orchestra. He has composialso employed his pen in the co tion of chamber music, songs, and male voice music. Among his larger works are the "Voyage of Columbus," and the *Light of Asia." He died Oct. 6, 1909.
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Buckbean
the English name of menyanthes, a genus of plants belonging to the order gentianoceæ (gentian worts). Especially the name of menyanthes trifoliata, called also marsh trefoil. It has densely creeping and matted roots, ternate leaves, and a compound raceme or thyrse of white flowers, tipped externally with red, and beautifully fringed within with white thread-like processes. An infusion of its leaves is bitter, and is sometimes given in dropsy and rheumatism. In Sweden two ounces of the leaves are substituted for a pound of hops. In Lapland the roots are occasionally powdered and eaten.
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