Bureaucracy
government by departments of state, acting with some measure of independence of each other, instead of government by the heads of those departments acting as a cabinet on their joint responsibility. BÜRGER, GOTTFRIED AUGUST, (bürger), a German poet, born in Molmerswende, Anhalt, Dec. 31, 1747. speare and Percy's "Reliques Shakespeare of English Ballad Poetry" had a decisive in giving direction to his influence efforts at poetic expression. "Lenore" (1773), established his reputation as a poet, which was sustained by the ballads that followed it, "The Parson's Daughter," "The Wild Huntsman," "The Song of the Brave Man," "Kaiser and Abbot." Specimens of his burlesque ballads are "The Robber Count," "The Wives of Weinsberg." He died in Göttingen, June 8, 1794.
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Burgess
CHARLES FREDERICK, an American chemist and engineer; born in Oshkosh, Wis., June 5, 1873. After graduating from the University of Wisconsin, he entered its faculty as instructor and assistant professor of electrical engineering in 1895. Of an inventive turn of mind, he developed several new processes in electrolysis, and in 1904 was made investigator of electrolytic iron alloys for the Carnegie Institute and President of the Northern Chemical Engineering Laboratories. In 1910 he wrote "The Strength of the Alloys of Nickel and Copper with Electrolytic Iron."
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Burgess (EDWARD an American naval)
EDWARD, an American naval architect born in West Sandwich, Mass., June 30, 1848. He was educated at Harvard, where he graduated in 1871, and became secretary of the Boston Society of Natural History. He was instructor of entomology at Harvard from 1879 to 1883. He then became a designer of sailing yachts. In 1884 he designed the "Puritan," the winner of the America's Cup in 1885; and a year later the "Mayflower," the winner in 1886. He died in Boston, Mass., July 12, 1891.
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Burgess (II)
(FRANK) GELETT, an American author and artist; born in Boston, Jan. 30, 1866. He was educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from which he graduated in 1887. He embraced civil engineering as a profession, and had considerable railway experience (1887-1890) in California. and In 1896 he took up literary work attention speedily attracted favorable . by Most of his writings were illustrated is of a whimsical and himself. His work humorous nature. Among his publicaand tions are "Vivette" (1897); "Goops "The Pica- How to Be Them" (1900); Bromide?" roons" (1904); "Are You a 1913) (1906); "Love in a Hurry" ( ; "Mrs. Hope's Husband" (1917); etc.
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Burgess (III)
FREDERICK, an American Protestant Episcopal bishop born in Providence, R. I., in 1853. He graduated from Brown University in 1873, from 1874 to 1875 studied at the and General Theological Seminary, afterpost-graduate ward spending a year in studies in Oxford. He was ordained priest in 1877 and served as rector of several churches in New England, Pennwas rector sylvania, and Detroit. He Church, Brooklyn, from 1898 to of Grace 1902, and in the latter year he was consecrated bishop of Long Island.
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Burgess (JOHN WILLIAM American educator)
JOHN WILLIAM, American educator, born in Cornersville, Tenn., Aug. 26, 1844. He was educated University, Lebanon at Cumberland , law, Tenn., and at Amherst. He studied its practice at Springfield in and began appointed 1869. During this year he was of English Literature and Professor Political Economy at Knox College. Two years later, he studied abroad Berlin. On Göttingen, Leipsic, and his return, he became Professor of History at Amherst, and in and Political Science Science and 1876 Professor of Political Law and in 1890 dean of Constitutional of the faculty of Political Science at University, New York. Columbia professor at was Roosevelt exchange the University of Berlin 1906-1907. He published a number of books and was a frequent contributor to reviews on his , political, and legal topics. torical
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Burgh
the same as borough. The spelling borough is the common one in England, while burgh is that which in Scotland. Examples: chiefly prevails Scar-borough, Edin-burgh. A burgh of tract barony, in Scotland, is a certain in a barony by the feudal of land created superior, and placed under the authority . A royal burgh in Scotof magistrates by a land is a corporate body created charter from the crown. There is a convention of royal burghs. In the United for States the termination borough was generations added to the names of a deplaces, as in England; but, under cision of the United States Board on Geographic Names, the form is now boro, as Brattle-boro.
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Burgher
a former subdivision of the Scottish Secession Church. The Sethe cession, which originated through Erskine and withdrawal of Ebenezer ministers from the Scottish some other establishment in 1732, split in two in to take, while 1747, part having felt free an enothers refused what they deemed snaring burgess oath. They reunited in 1820 under the name of the Associate Synod, and, joining with the "Relief" in 1847, formed the United Presbyterian Church.
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Burgkmair
a family of in the 15th and 16th German artists centuries, the best known of whom is in 1472. Sev- HANS, born in Augsburg of his paintings are to be seen at eral Augsburg, Munich, Nuremberg, etc., but these have contributed far less to his fame than his woodcuts, which are not , Albert inferior to those of his friend Dürer. The most celebrated is the series of 135 cuts representing the "Triumph of the Emperor Maximilian." He died in 1531. an
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Burglary
in law, the breaking and entering the house of another with intent to commit a crime, particularly to steal. In a wider sense the term applies to the criminal entry of any building. The penalty is usually from five to ten years' imprisonment. North Carolina makes burglary punishable by imprisonment or death. The slightest breakage, as of a window pane, or the removal of the smallest portion of the house, with evident intent to enter, constitutes an act of burglary. The forcible entrance of a foot or hand is likewise proof of intent to commit burglary. See Arson
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Burglary
the crime of breaking church, or the into an inhabited house, a night with the intengates of a town by tion of committing a felony. In the burglary is punished by United States, law is gen- State laws, but the common erally followed. Some States include breaking into shops, offices, warehouses, factories, and meeting houses as burglary. An Act of Congress of 1825 expressly includes breaking into boats and to commit a felony vessels with intent . deed done in In some States the same the daytime is defined as burglary in The night is the the second degree. time, between one hour after sunset and hour before sunrise, or when the feaone cannot be clearly distures of a man cerned. In the United States, burglary servitude for is never punished by penal life, but long sentences are frequently imposed. BÜRGLEN (bürg'len), a village of of Uri, about Switzerland, in the canton a mile from Altorf; is the traditional Tell. The supbirthplace of William house is now posed site of the patriot's in 1522, occupied by a chapel, erected are represented occ upon the walls of which scenes from his certain well-known history.
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