Barnacle
in zoölogy, (1) A general name for both pedunculated and sessile cirripeds. (2) Special: The English name of the pedunculated cirripeds (lepadidæ), as contradistinguished from those which are sessile, yet more especially applied to the lepas, the typical genus of the family and order. In ornithology the name for the barnacle goose. Formerly the absurb belief was entertained that these geese sprung from the barnacles described above. Two species of the genus lepas were called, by Linnæus, lepas anserifera and L. anatifera goose-bearing, of course with no belief in the fable suggested by the name.
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Barnard College
a college for part of COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (q. v.). women in New York City, forming a There were in 1919, 715 students and 86 members of the faculty . Dean, V. C. Gildersleeve, Ph. D. English philanthropist; founder of the
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Barnard, Frederick A. P.
Frederick A. P. (1809-1889), an American educator. He was a native of Sheffield, Massachusetts, and a graduate of Yale College. From 1854 until 1861 he was connected with the University of Mississippi, but resigned at the breaking out of the Civil War. He was president of Columbia College, now University, New York , 1864-88. Barnard College for women, an affiliated school of the university, was established in accordance with his plans and was named in his honor.
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Barnard, Henry
Henry (1811-1900), a distinguished American educator. He was born at Hartford, Connecticut. In 1855 he founded the American Journal of Education. He was president of the University of Wisconsin 1856-9. He was the first United States Commissioner of Education, holding that position from 1867 until 1870. He wrote several works of pedagogy, including Hints and Methods for Teachers, German Educational Reformers, and a volume on Pestalozzi. His reports are a mine of information on educational subjects.
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Barnard-Castle
a town of England , county of Durham, giving name to a parliamentary division of the county. There is a large thread mill and carpet manufactories, the Bowes Museum and School. The castle was originally built about 1178 by Barnard Baliol, grandfather of John Baliol .
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Barnaud, Nicholas
A medical doctor of the sixteenth century who claimed to have discovered the Philosophers' Stone. He published a great number of short treatises on the subject of Alchemy , which are contained in the third volume of the Theatrum Chimicum of Zetzner, pub-- lished at Strasburg, in 1659.
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Barnave
ANTOINE PIERRE to the radical element of the Democratic
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Barnburners
in American politics, a progressive section of the Democratic party in New York . They were in reality bolters, who were displeased by the election of President Polk in 1844. They were represented as willing to destroy their party in an effort to reform it. The nickname was given them in allusion to an anecdote then current of a Dutchman who set fire to his barn to clear it of rats. The Barnburners favored canal construction and opposed the extension of slavery into new territory. Locally they supported the knot of political managers known as the " Albany Regency ," as opposed to the National Democracy controlled by the friends of James K. Polk. Among the leaders admired by the Barnburners were William L. Marcy, Silas Wright, Martin Van Buren, and John A. Dix. Later this wing of the Democracy was merged with the Free-Soilers. See Free Soil Party
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Barnegat Bay
a bay on the E. coast of New Jersey, about 25 miles in with the Atlantic. length. Barnegat Inlet connects the bay a British statesman, born in Scotland in
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Barnet
a town of England, in Herts, 11 miles from London, where was fought in 1471 a battle between the Yorkists and Lancastrians, resulting in the defeat of the latter and the death of Warwick, Edward IV. keing thus established on the throne.
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Barneveldt
JAN VAN OLDEN (bär'ne-velt), Grand Pensionary of Holprominent figure in the discussion and land, born in 1549. He had scarcely reached his 20th year when he was called to the office of Councilor and Pensionary of Rotterdam. He was allowed an important share in the management of those transactions with France and England by which the United Provinces sought to maintain themselves against Spain, whose yoke they had just thrown off. His conduct in the high office of Grand Pensionary of Holland and West Friesland, which he afterward filled, not only secured the independence, but restored the trade and improved the finances of the United Provinces. After the election of Maurice of Nassau to the dignity of Stadtholder, Barneveldt became the champion of popular liberties, and opposed the ambitious designs of the new prince. He was so far successful as to have a truce of 12 years concluded with Spain, in opposition to the views of the Stadtholder. About this time, the fanaticism of two sects, the Arminians and Gomarists, raged throughout Holland, and the Grand Pensionary was involved in the ruin of the former. After the condemnation of the Arminians by the Synod of Dort, Barneveldt was adjudged to death as a traitor and heretic, by 26 deputies named by Maurice. The sentence was carried into effect in 1619.
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Barnsley
city and county, a borough of West Riding, Yorkshire, England, on the Dearne, between Leeds and Sheffield, in the middle of a coal district. It is one of the chief centers of the linen industry and has flour and sawmills, chemical manufacturing, wire drawing and glassmaking plants and foundries. Pop. about 52,000.
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Barnum
PHINEAS TAYLOR, an American showman, born at Bethel, Conn., July 5, 1810; after various unsuccessful business ventures, finally established Barnum's Museum in New . He introduced Tom Thumb, Jenny Lind, York (1841), which was twice burned Commodore Nutt, Admiral Dot, the woolly horse, Jumbo, etc., to the American public. In 1871 he established his great circus. He was mayor of Bridgeport, and four times member of the Connecticut Legislature. His benefactions were large and frequent. He wrote "Humbugs of the World" (1865); "Struggles and Triumphs" (1869); "Lion Jack, a " (1876) Story" (1876); "Autobiography" (1855). He was a lecturer on temperance and other popular subjects. He died at Bridgeport, Conn., April 7, 1891.
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Barocco
or BAROQUE, a term applied to the last phase of the classic revival of the fine arts in Italy. Its general tendency was away from the classic refinement and restraint, in the direction of ostentation. Much of the work is without meaning and at times vulgar. It found its expression chiefly in architecture, where many examples still exist in Italy and throughout Europe.
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