Barony
the lordship or fee of a baron, either temporal or spiritual. Originally every peer of superior rank had also a barony annexed to his other titles. But now the rule is not universal. Baronies in their first creation emanated from the King. Baronies appertain also to bishops, as they formerly did to abbots, William the Conqueror having changed the spiritual tenure of frankalmoyn, or free alms, by which they held their lands under the Saxon government, to the Norman or feudal tenure by barony. It was in virtue of this that they obtained seats in the House of Lords. The word is common in Ireland for a subdivision of a country.
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Barotse
or MAROTSE, an important Bantu tribe inhabiting the banks and the regions E. of the upper Zambezi, from about 14° to 18° S. lat. In Livingstone's time the Makololo were the dominant tribe in these parts of South Africa, but since then they have been almost entirely annihilated by the Bantus, who now occupy the vast territory from the Kabompo river to the Victoria Falls. Formerly they were inhabitants of Mashonaland, where many of them were destroyed by the Matabili, while the others retired into upper Zambezi valley.
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Barqu
A demon in whose keeping was the secret of the Philosophers' stone.
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Barr
AMELIA EDITH, an Anglo- American novelist, born in Ulverton, Lancashire, England, March 29, 1831. She was the daughter of the Rev. William Huddleston, and in 1850 married Robert Barr. She came to the United States in 1854, and lived for some years in Texas; but after her husband's death (1867) removed to New York, where her first book, "Romance and Reality," was published in 1872. Her novels were very popular. They include "Jan Vedder's Wife" (New York, 1885); "A Daughter of Fife" (1885); "A Bow of Orange Ribbon" (1886); "A Border Shepherdess" (1887); "Friend Olivia" (1890); "A Sister to Esau" (1891); "Remember the Alamo" and "Prisoners of Conscience" (1897); "I, Thou, and the Other One" (1899); "All the Days of My Life" (1912); "The Measure of Man" (1915); "Three Score Years and Ten," an Autobiography (1915); "Christine" (1917); etc. She died in 1919.
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Barr (ROBERT a Scottish author born)
ROBERT, a Scottish author, born in Glasgow, Sept. 16, 1850; he spent his childhood in Canada, drifted into journalism, joined the staff of Detroit "Free ," Press and wrote under the name of "Luke Sharp." He went to London in 1881 and founded "The Idler" with Jerome K. Jerome, but retired to devote himself to fiction. He wrote a number of novels, "In the Midst of Alarms" (1894); "The Face on the Mask" (1895); "One Day's Courtship" (1896); "A Woman Intervenes" (1896); "The Victors" (1901); "The Sword Maker" (1910); "The Palace of Logs" (1912); etc. He died in 1912.
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Barra
an island of the Outer Hebrides, W. coast of Scotland, belonging to Invernessshire; 8 miles long and from 2 to 5 broad, of irregular outline, with rocky coasts, surface hilly, but furnishing excellent pasture. On the W. coast the Atlantic has hollowed out vast caves and fissures. Large herds of cattle and flocks of sheep are reared on the island. Fishing is an important industry. Pop. about 2,500.
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Barrack
a hut or small lodge. Formerly a temporary building of this character, one of many erected to shelter horsemen. Then it was extended to embrace any temporary erection for a soldier, to whatever arm of the service belonging. The plural, barracks, is now generally applied to a large structure, for the housing of troops.
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Barrackpur
a native tal of a subdistrict in Bengal, on the E. town, capibank of the Hooghly, and 15 miles up the stream from Calcutta. Two Sepoy mutinies have occurred here, the first in 1824, when a regiment of Bengal infantry refused to go for service in the Burmese War, and again in the famous mutiny of 1857. Pop. about 18,000.
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Barracuda
a fish-the barracuda-found in the vicinity of the sphyræna Bahamas and other West Indian islands.
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Barranquilla
the principal port of the Republic of Colombia and capital of the department of Atlantico, lies near the left bank of the main channel of the Magdalena, 15 miles distant from the sea. A railway runs to the coast; and the bar at the mouth of the river has been improved so as to enable sea-going vessels to pass up to Barranquilla, which possesses excellent wharfage accommodation. The inland traffic by river steamers is important. Pop. about 65,000.
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Barre
a city in Washington co., Vt., on the Central Vermont and the and Wells River railroads, Montpeller Montpelier 6 miles S. E. of Montpelier. Barre received a city charter in 1894; and has a wide reputation as one of the most important seats of the granite industry in the United States. The city contains, besides granite quarries, several industrial plants connected therewith; several banks; a library; opera house; Goddard daily and Spaulding High School, and weekly newspapers. tiers-état, (1910) 10,734; (1920) 10,008.
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Barrel Arbor
The barrel axis, around which the mainspring coils. M. Rose calls attention to the importance of the proper diameter of barrel arbors, and points out that if the arbor is too large part of the elastic reaction of the spring will be wasted, and if too small there will be a rupture or straining of the spring and therefore a loss of elastic reaction. It is, then, he says, the thickness of spring that determines the diameter of the arbor or conversely, and from this it follows that the diameter is not an arbitrary quantity, since it depends on the duration of flexible and thickness of spring. See Mainsprings.
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Barrel Contractor
An instrument for contracting distorted mainspring barrels. It consists of a die with a series of tapered holes and punches to correspond. The barrel being forced into a hole slightly smaller than its circumference necessarily contracts.
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Barrel Hook
A hook in the barrel to which the mainspring is attached. The mainspring is sometimes attached by means of a hook on the spring which fit in a hole in the barrel.
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Barrel Ratchet
A wheel which is placed on the barrel arbor and kept from turning backward, when the mainspring is wound, by a click or dog. BARTLETT, P. S. The first ladies watch made in America was turned out by the American Waltham Watch co., in 1861 and named the P. S. Bartlett. Previous to this however, in 1859 the company placed an 18 size movement on the market which was named the P. S. Bartlett, but its manufacture was discontinued in 1859. Mr. P. S. Bartlett, after whom these movements were named, was born in Amesbury, Mass, September 3, 1834. His first connection with watchmaking was in 1854, when he went to work for the Boston Watch Co., just after its removal to Waltham Mass., where he occupied the position of foreman of the plate and screw department. In 1864 he visited Chicago, and together with Messrs. Moseley, Adams and Blake, organized the National Watch Co., of Chicago, afterwards known as the Elgin National Watch Co. He subsequently signed a contract with the company for five years, as foreman of the plate and screw departments. He was for seven years assistant superintendent and general traveling agent for the company, during which time he introduced Elgin watches into Europe, selling them in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other large cities. He is now in the wholesale and retail watch and jewelry busines in Elgin.
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