Bayley
JAMES ROOSEVELT, an American theologian, born in New York City, Aug. 23, 1814; studied at Trinity College, Hartford, and became minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church; but, in 1842, was converted to the Roman Catholic faith; and, after studying at Paris and Rome, became a priest in 1844. He accepted the Chair of Belles-Lettres at St. John's College, Fordham, and was its acting president in 1846. After serving as secretary to Archbishop Hughes, he was consecrated the first Bishop of Newark, N. J., in 1853. In 1872 he became Archbishop of Baltimore, Md. He was the founder of Seton Hall College and several other institutions. His "Pastorals for the People," and "History of the Catholic Church on the Island of New York," are his chief writings. He died in Newark, N. J., Oct. 3, 1877.
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Baylor University
a coeducational institution in Waco, Tex., founded in 1845, under the auspices of the Baptist Church; reported at the end of 1919: Professors and instructors, 56; students, 1,124; volumes in the library, 37,900; income, $293,571; number of graduates, 1,945; president, Samuel Palmer Brooks , LL. D.
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Baza
an old Andalusia, province of Granada, formerly town of Spain, a large and flourishing city. In 1810 the French, under Marshal Soult, here defeated the Spaniards under Generals Blake and Freire.
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Bazaine
FRANÇOIS ACHILLE (ba-zān), a French military officer, born in Versailles , Feb. 13, 1811. He served in Algeria , in Spain against the Carlists, in the Crimean War, and joined the Mexican expedition as general of division in 1862, and, in 1864, was made a marshal of France. Corps in the Franco-Prussian War, He commanded the 3d Army when he capitulated at Metz, after a seven weeks' siege, with an army of 175,000 men. For this act he was tried by court-martial in 1871, found guilty of treason, and condemned to death. This sentence was commuted to 20 years' seclusion in the Isle St. Marguerite retired' to Spain. He died in Madrid, , from which he escaped, and Sept. 28, 1888. His widow, who had clung faithfully to him in his adversity and had plotted successfully for his escape, died in Mexico City, Jan. 8, 1900.
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Beachy Head
a promontory in the S. of England, on the S. coast of Sussex, rising 575 feet above sea-level, with a revolving light, visible in clear weather from a distance of 28 miles. A naval battle took place here, June 30, 1690, in which a French fleet under Tourville defeated an English and Dutch combined fleet under Lord Torrington.
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Beacon
a signal fire; a bale fire; a light placed on an eminence to announce the approach of an enemy, and arouse up the country. Beacon fires are of great antiquity, being referred to in Scripture (Jer. vi: 1), and were used by the Greeks and Romans. The intelligence of the capture of Troy is represented by Æschylus as having been conveyed convey to the Peloponnesus by signals of this kind. In England, the beacons were formerly piles of faggot wood, but afterward poles were erected, to which iron pots were IN ANCIENT BEACON SIGNAL TOWER combustibles. Intelligence was quickly conveyed in this manner. A beacon is also an erection placed at the entrance of a bar, river, or harbor, to indicate dangerous navigation, as sunken rocks, sand banks, etc. Vessels anchored in certain places, exhibiting lights at night, are called floating beacons, floating lights, or lightships. city of New York,
a created in 1913 by the consolidation of Fishkill Landing and Matteawan, in Dutchess co. There is a hospital, a public library, and several academies. The industries include the manufacture of hats, tools, machinery, etc. Beacon was the first city in the State to adopt the commission form of government. Pop. (1910) 10,629; (1920) 10,996.
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Beacon Fire
a signal fire. Before the days of telegraphy, beacon fires kindled on hills were used to convey important intelligence, such as the approach of an invading army. A bright fire by night or a dense smoke by day could be seen for a long distance. A line of beacons carried news from mountain top to mountain top with great speed. An old act of the Scottish Parliament, 1455, relating to the border beacons, directed that "One bale on fire should be warning of the approach of the English in any manner; two bales blazing beside each other that they are coming indeed; and four bales that they are coming in great force." Similar fire signals were employed, we are told, in ancient Persia, Palestine, and Greece. The Swiss kept watchers on guard to light beacons in case of invading Austrians. Within recent years the Indians of the Rocky Mountain regions used signal fires to convey intelligence of the movements of the United States troops, arranging beforehand a great variety of signals to be given. The lantern hung for Paul Revere in the tower of North Church was a signal of this sort. The lantern carried by the railroad brakes-man may be regarded as a sort of beacon light. It is used to give signals. See Lighthouse
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Beagle Island
an island discovered by Admiral Fitzroy, during a voyage in the "Beagle," to survey Patagonia, in 1828-1834. The channel of the same name is on the S. side of the island of Tierra del Fuego.
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Bealings Bells
In February, 1834, a mysterious outbreak of bell-ringing was heard at the residence of Major Moor, F.R.S., Bealings, near Woodbridge, Suffolk. From the 2nd of February to the 27th of March the bells of the house rang at frequent intervals, and without any visible agency. The Major meanwhile took careful note of the condition of the atmosphere, state of the wires, and any physical cause which might affect the bells, but, as Mr. Podmore justly points out, he omitted to take precautions against trickery in his own household, and has not even left on record the names of its members, or any facts concerning them.
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Beam
The foundry lifting-beam consists of a rectangular beam of wrought or cast iron, or wood, mounted with straps and ring to hang central in the block-hook of a crane. Notches sunk at equal intervals from each end allow of a balanced lift being taken with a pair of slings which fit the beam at one end and the flask-trunnions at the other, by which means the flask can be turned clear over before it is rested. By means of beam-hooks, chains may be hitched at any number of places along the sides. See SLINGS; BEAM-HOOK. A sound oak beam would require to measure four times the thickness of cast-iron to be of equal strength. The table at page 44 will be found of great service when it is desired to construct a cast-beam for the purpose as described above, or for any other purpose for which cast iron beams are applicable.
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