Bayonne (City in Hudson co J on N)
a city in Hudson co., J., on N. New York harbor, the Kill von Kull, and Newark Bay, and the Central of New Jersey and the Lehigh Valley railroads; 7 miles S. W. of New York City. The city is also on the Hudson County Boulevard and the Morris canal. It contains a number of former villages; and is principally engaged in coal shipping and petroleum refining, the works for the latter being connected by pipe lines with New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, and other cities. Other noteworthy industries are the manufactures of chemicals, ammonia and colors. The residential part of the city is very attractive, containing fine homes of New York business men, and having trolley connection with Jersey City, Newark, and the Oranges. Pop. (1910) 55,545 ; (1920) 76,754.
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Bayonne (Strongly fortified seaport)
a strongly fortified seaport of France, in the department of Basses-Pyrénées, capital of an arrondissement ; at the confluence of the Nive with the Adour, and 58 miles W. N. W. of Pau. It is a first-class fortress, the citadel, one of the finest works of Vauban, commands the town and harbor. A mint is established here. Chocolate, liqueurs, glass, sugar, etc., are manufactured. There are also extensive yards for the building of ships of war and merchant vessels . The hams of Bayonne have long enjoyed a high celebrity. The military weapon called the bayonet takes its name from this city, where it is said to have been first invented and brought into use during the siege of 1523. Though often besieged, Bayonne has never been taken; and hence its motto, "Nunquam Polluta." It was invested by the British, Feb. 24, 1814. Pop. about 27,500.
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Baza
an old Andalusia, province of Granada, formerly town of Spain, a large and flourishing city. In 1810 the French, under Marshal Soult, here defeated the Spaniards under Generals Blake and Freire.
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Bazaine
FRANÇOIS ACHILLE (ba-zān), a French military officer, born in Versailles , Feb. 13, 1811. He served in Algeria , in Spain against the Carlists, in the Crimean War, and joined the Mexican expedition as general of division in 1862, and, in 1864, was made a marshal of France. Corps in the Franco-Prussian War, He commanded the 3d Army when he capitulated at Metz, after a seven weeks' siege, with an army of 175,000 men. For this act he was tried by court-martial in 1871, found guilty of treason, and condemned to death. This sentence was commuted to 20 years' seclusion in the Isle St. Marguerite retired' to Spain. He died in Madrid, , from which he escaped, and Sept. 28, 1888. His widow, who had clung faithfully to him in his adversity and had plotted successfully for his escape, died in Mexico City, Jan. 8, 1900.
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Beach
ALFRED ELY, an American publisher and inventor, born in Springfield, Mass., in 1826; son of Moses Yale Beach, editor of the old New York "Sun." In 1846 he established the "Scientific American," in connection with Orson D. Munn. For nearly 50 years he was editor of this paper and director of its patent business. In 1852 he perfected a typewriting machine, for which the American Institute awarded him a gold medal. Later he invented a system of underground pneumatic tubes, a pneumatic elevated railway, and a hydraulic shield, by the use of which a tunnel could be excavated without interfering with surface traffic. He died in New York City, Jan. 1, 1896.
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Beach (II)
HARLAN PAGE, an American educator and missionary, born in South Orange, N. J., in 1854. He graduated from Yale University in 1878. For several years he taught at Phillips Andover Academy and then engaged in work in China as a missionary, serving until 1890. From 1892 to 1895 he was in charge of the School for Christian Workers in Springfield, Mass., and from 1895 was educational secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. From 1906 he was professor of the theory and practice of missions at Yale University. He wrote much on missionary and other subjects. His works include "The Cross in the Land of the Trident" (1895); "India and Christian Opportunity" (1904); "World Statistics of Christian Missions" (1906); etc. He contributed articles to magazines on religious subjects.
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Beach (III)
REX (ELLINGWOOD), an American writer, born in Atwood, Mich., in 1877. He was educated at Rollins College, Fla., and studied law at the Chicago College of Law. His first novel was "Pardners," published in 1905. This was followed by a succession of novels, nearly all of which achieved great popular success. They include "The Spoilers" (1906); "The Silver Horde" (1909); "The Iron Trail" (1913); "Rain. bow's End" (1916). He also wrote, in collaboration with others, several plays attached, filled with pitch and other a frequent contributor to and was magazines. In 1917 and 1918 he was president of the Authors' League of America.
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Beachy Head
a promontory in the S. of England, on the S. coast of Sussex, rising 575 feet above sea-level, with a revolving light, visible in clear weather from a distance of 28 miles. A naval battle took place here, June 30, 1690, in which a French fleet under Tourville defeated an English and Dutch combined fleet under Lord Torrington.
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Beacon
a created in 1913 by the consolidation of Fishkill Landing and Matteawan, in Dutchess co. There is a hospital, a public library, and several academies. The industries include the manufacture of hats, tools, machinery, etc. Beacon was the first city in the State to adopt the commission form of government. Pop. (1910) 10,629; (1920) 10,996.
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Beagle Island
an island discovered by Admiral Fitzroy, during a voyage in the "Beagle," to survey Patagonia, in 1828-1834. The channel of the same name is on the S. side of the island of Tierra del Fuego.
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Bealings Bells
In February, 1834, a mysterious outbreak of bell-ringing was heard at the residence of Major Moor, F.R.S., Bealings, near Woodbridge, Suffolk. From the 2nd of February to the 27th of March the bells of the house rang at frequent intervals, and without any visible agency. The Major meanwhile took careful note of the condition of the atmosphere, state of the wires, and any physical cause which might affect the bells, but, as Mr. Podmore justly points out, he omitted to take precautions against trickery in his own household, and has not even left on record the names of its members, or any facts concerning them.
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