Bona Vista
a bay, cape, and town on the E. coast of Newfoundland. The town is a port of entry, and one of the oldest settlements in the island.
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Single-source entries: B (84)
Each of these 11 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
Bonar
HORATIUS, a celebrated Scotch hymnist, born in Edinburgh , Dec. 19, 1808; wrote "Hymns of Faith and Hope," many of which have been taken into the hymnals of most of the Protestant Churches . He also wrote more than 20 volumes on theological and religious subjects. He died July 31, 1889 .
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Bonaventura
ST., an Italian friar of the Order of St. Francis, born in Tuscany in 1221. He was sent by his superiors to Paris, where he, as well as Thomas Aquinas, of the Dominican Order, became involved in contentions with the university , which denied the academical honors to individuals of the mendicant orders. It was not till 1257 that he received his doctor's degree. He had already been elected General of his Order. He retired to the convent of Mt. Alvernia in Tuscany, where he wrote "Vita Santi Francisco," and "Itinerarium mentis in Deum," for which last he received the appellation of the "S Doctor." He died July 15, 1274, from sheer ascetic exhaustion . Dante, who wrote shortly afterward , places him among the saints of his "Paradiso." In 1482, he was formally canonized by Sixtus IV., and in 1587 was ranked by Sixtus V. as the 6th of the great doctors of the Church. "Seraphic
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Bond (Masonry a stone or brick)
in masonry, a stone or brick which is laid with its length across a wall, or extends through the facing course into that behind, so as to bind the facing to the backing. Such stones are known also as binders, bond stone, binding stones, through stones, perpent stones and headers. In brick laying, a bond is a particular mode of disposing bricks in a wall so as to tie and break joint. The English bond has courses of headers alternating with courses of stretchers. In the Flemish bond each course has stretchers and headers alternating.
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Bond (Written acknowledgment)
a written acknowledgment or binding of a debt under seal. The person who gives the bond is called the obligor , and he to whom it is given the obligee. A bond is called single when it does not con tain a penalty, and an obligation when it does. If two or more persons bind themselves in a bond jointly and se severally, the obligee may sue them jointly or single out any one of the number he pleases to sue; but if they are bound jointly, and not severally, he must sue them jointly or not at all. Bonds of an immoral character are void at law.
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Bonded Warehouses
places where taxable imports or manufactures may be left in government custody, under bond for payment of the duty, till the importer or manufacturer is prepared to make full payment of duty. The system was designed to promote commerce and certain manufactures by lessening the pressure on the importer or manufacturer by means of instalment payments of duty.
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Bondman, The
The, a novel by Hall Caine, published in 1890. The plot is laid in the period of the Napoleonic wars. The hero of the tale, the Bondman, attempts to set right old wrongs by committing new ones. His deeds, however, are so shaped by Providence as to bring good instead of evil upon those he desires to harm. The story is full of action and variety. The development of the character of the hero is a noticeable feature. It has been spoken of as "a kind of modern saga of Iceland and the Isle of Man ." See Caine ; Hall
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Bondu
or BONDOU, a former kingdom of west Africa, in Senegal; now a French protectorate; capital, Bulibani, on the Falemé river. It has a luxuriant vegetation, magnificent forests, and is in many parts under good culture, producing large crops of cotton, millet, maize, indigo, tobacco, etc. The inhabitants are principally the Fulah tribe, and are estimated at about 1,500,000.
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Bone
the material of which the skeleton or framework of vertebrate animals is composed. Calcium or lime, carbon, phosphorus, and magnesium are the principal mineral elements. The name is also applied to the single parts. For instance, the human skeleton contains about 200 bones. It is well to distinguish bone from ivory, whalebone, and horn, which are only modifications of the skin. The antlers of the deer kind are of genuine bone. Live bone is intersected by numerous canals through which blood vessels find their way. In the arts bones of cattle, horses, and other animals are used for a variety of purposes, such as knife handles, combs, buttons, etc. Bones are converted also into glue, lampblack, and animal charcoal. Pounded bones are excellent food for poultry, furnishing the necessary material for egg shells. Bone dust is an excellent fertilizer on account of the phosphate of lime it supplies. Boneblack, obtained by charring bone, is used for filtering purposes by the sugar refiner. It is also an excellent disinfectant. In literature a number of peculiar expressions have sprung up, possibly from the wrangling of dogs over bones, as "a bone to pick," "bone of contention," "to make no bones of," "without more bones." An emaciated horse or other animal is called a "bag of bones." A bone of the elbow particularly sensitive to blows is called the crazy bone or funny bone. See Horn ; Skeleton ; Vertebrate
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Bone (Chemistry consists partly)
in chemistry, consists partly of animal and partly of earthy matter. The former is called ossein. It yields gelatine on being boiled. The composition of human bones, as analyzed by Berzelius, is shown in the following table: Animal matter soluble by boiling........ 32.17 1.13 Vascular substance Calcium phosphate, with a little calcium 53.04 fluoride... 11.30 Calcium carbonate... 1.16 Magnesium phosphate Soda, with a little common salt. 1.20 100 In the other vertebrates the proportions are slightly different.
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Bone (Physiology a hard dense opaque)
in physiology, a hard, dense, opaque substance used as the internal framework of man, the vertebrata and some cephalopoda, and as the external covering of several classes of animals. It is composed partly of an organic (or animal) and partly of an inorganic (or earthy) material. In a child the material is a trifle under half the weight of the bone, in an adult four-fifths, and in an old person seven-eights. The animal part of bone consists of cartilage, with vessels, medullary membrane and fat. Three hours' boiling will convert it into gelatine. The earthy part consists of phosphate and carbonate of lime, with smaller portions of phosphate and carbonate of magnesia. The outer portion of a bone is in general compact and strong, the interior reticular, spongy, or cancelled, that is, having spaces or cells (called cancelli) communicating freely with each other. The hard surface of bone is covered by a firm, tough membrane called the periosteum. In the compact tissue are vascular canals called havenian canals. There are in bone pores coalescing into a lacuna beneath. It has blood vessels and nerves. Bones may be classified into long, short, flat, and irregular. A long bone is divided into a shaft and two extremities. There are 198 bones in the fully developed human skeleton.
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