Bizerta
a Tunis, the most northern town of Africa; at the extremity of a bay formed The town is built on the shore of a lake which communicates with the sea by a canal; and in the time of Barbarossa it was a city of great strength and magnificence. The lake is the chief source of trade, as it abounds in many valuable kinds of fish. Besides the fishery there are valuable coral, grape, olive, and pottery industries. The port is surrounded by walls and defended by two castles. Bizerta steadily declined in com-
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Bizet
ALEXANDRE on the "Theogony, Philosophy, and Cos- CESAR LEOPOLD (better known as mogony of the Hindus," etc. He died in 1847.
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Bjelbog
in Slavonic mythology the pale or white god, as opposed to Tchernibog, the black god, or god of darkness.
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Bjerregaard
HENRIK ANKER (byer'e-gär), a Norwegian dramatic poet, born at Ringsaker, in 1792. His position in his country's literature is very influential, the plays, "Magnus Barefoot's Sons" and "A Mountain Adventure," being national models. A volume of "Poems" (1829) also displays genius. He died in 1842.
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Black
the negation of all color, the opposite of white. There are several black pigments, such as ivory black, made from burned ivory or bones; lamp black, from the smoke of resinous substance; Spanish black, or cork black, from burned cork, etc.
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Black
JEREMIAH SULLIVAN, an American lawyer, born in Glades, Pa., Jan. 10, 1810; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1831. In 1857 he was appointed Attorney-General of the United States by President Buchanan, and in 1860-1861 was United States Secretary of State. On the accession of President Lincoln he retired from public life. He died in York, Pa., Aug. 19, 1883.
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Black (ADAM a Scotch publisher born)
ADAM, a Scotch publisher, born in Edinburgh, Feb. 20, 1784. In 1808 he began business as a bookseller, BJÖRNSTJERNE BJORNSON and later with his nephew, Charles B. Black, established a publishing house in Edinburgh. Their most famous publications were "Encyclopædia Britannica," and the "Waverly Novels." Adam Black Edinburgh was twice Lord Provost of and in 1856-1865 represented that city in Parliament. He declined the honor of knighthood, and a statue was erected in Edinburgh in recognition of his public services, in 1877. He died Jan. 24, 1874.
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Black (FRANK SWETT an American lawyer)
FRANK SWETT, an American lawyer, born in Limington, Me., March 8, 1853; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1875; was editor of the "Journal" in Johnstown, N. Y. He studied law at Troy in the office of Robertson & Foster, and was admitted to the bar in 1879. He won much popularity by his activity in prosecuting the men who murdered Robert Ross in the election riots in Troy in 1892. In 1895-1897, he was a member of Congress, and in 1897- 1899 Governor of New York. At the Republican National Convention in 1904 in Chicago he presented the name of Theodore Roosevelt for President. He died in 1913.
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Black (II)
WILLIAM MURRAY, an American military engineer, born in Lancaster, Pa., in 1855. He was a graduate of Franklin and Marshall College and the West Point Military Academy. His professional life was spent chiefly in Government river and harbor work. He saw service in Havana and the Philippines. In 1913, he was made chief of the Engineer Corps, succeeding Brigadier-General, William H. Bixby.
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Black (JOHN a Scotch editor born near)
JOHN, a Scotch editor, born near Duns, Berwickshire, in 1783. He was left an orphan when 12 years_old, and educated himself. He went to London in 1810. There he became a Parliamentary reporter for the "Morning Chronicle ," of which he was made editor in 1817. Among the contributors to his paper were Charles Dickens and James Mill. In 1843 he retired from the editorship. He was author of a "Life of Tasso, with an Historical and Critical Account of His Writings," and also translated works from the German, French, and Italian. He died in Snodland, June 15, 1855.
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Black (WILLIAM a Scottish novelist)
WILLIAM, a Scottish novelist , born in Glasgow in November, 1841. He received his education at private schools . In 1874 he abandoned journalism. His novels include "Love or Marriage" (1867); "In Silk Attire" (1869); " A Daughte of Heth" (1871); "A Princess of Thule" (1873); "Three Feathers " (1875); "Madcap Violet" (1876); "Macleod of Dare" (1878); "White Wings: a Yachting Romance" (1880); " Yolande" (1883); Shakespeare" (1804); "White Heather" (1885); " The Strange Adventures of a House-Boat" (1888); "Judith "Wolfenberg" (1892); "Briseis" (1896); "Wild Eelin" (1898); besides others. He has also written a "Life of Goldsmith" (1879). He died in Brighton, England, Dec. 10, 1898.
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Black Art
exorcism, the alleged ability to expel evil spirits from haunted houses or from persons bewitched; necromancy, or anything similar. The reason why it was called black was that proficients in it were supposed to be in league with the powers of darkness. cent. of caustic soda with calcium sul-
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Black Ash
a mixture of 25 per phide, quicklime, and unburnt coal, obtained in the process of making sodium carbonate . The mixture of sodium sulphate, chalk, and powdered coal is fused sidue is the black ash. in a furnace, gases escape, and the re-
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Black Assize
in English history, the High Sheriff and 300 other persons an assize held at Oxford in 1557, when died of infectious disease caught from the prisoners. It was called also the fatal assize .
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Black Band
a valuable kind of clay iron-stone occurring in beds in the coal measures, and containing 10 or 15 or even 30 per cent. of coaly matter. Most of the Scotch iron is obtained from it. the cockroach.
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Black Beauty
a story by Anna Sewall. Black Beauty is a horse, and his history is told in autobiographical form. The book has been read widely, and has been influential in securing kind treatment for horses. The circulation of Black Beauty, in all languages so far as I can estimate (1909), is approximately three million copies. It would be impossible to determine the exact number, as this book has been published by many different firms in many different places. I suppose Mr. Angell put out by far the larger number, probably over two million copies.--Guy Richardson, Editor, Our Dumb Animals. 2026 Editor's Note: The three million copies the entry estimates were only the beginning: Black Beauty has sold perhaps fifty million and is among the best-selling books ever written. Anna Sewell, an invalid, died five months after it appeared, but her novel achieved its purpose — the outcry it raised helped end the cruel "bearing rein" that forced carriage horses' heads high. (Ed: BR 2026-07-06)
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