Boulogne-Sur-Mer
a fortified seaport of France, department of Pas de 1890, Congress passed an act providing Calais, at the mouth of the Liane. It consists of the upper and lower town. The former is surrounded with lofty walls, and has well-planted ramparts; the latter, which is the business part of the town, has straight and well-built streets, and is semi-English in character, many of the sign-boards being in English. Boulogne was one of the chief British depots in France during the World War. In the castle, which dates from 1231, Louis Napoleon was imprisoned in 1840. Boulogne has manufactories of soap, earthenware, linen and woolen cloths; wines, coal, corn, butter, fish, linen and woolen stuffs, etc., are the articles of export. Napoleon, after deepening and fortifying the harbor, encamped 180,000 men here with the intention of invading England at a favorable moment. Pop. about 53,000. BOULOGNE, a village of France, department of the Seine, between the Seine and the wood of the same name (the well known Bois de Boulogne), 4 miles W. of Paris, and forming a suburb of the French metropolis. The adjoining Bois is, in the summer season, the favorite promenade of the Parisian fashionables. The Château de Madrid, demolished in the reign of Louis XVI.; and only a small part now remains of the Château de la Muette, some time occupied by Louis XV. Pop. about 57,- 000.
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Bound Brook
a borough of New Jersey in Somerset co. It is on the Baltimore and Ohio, the Central of New Jersey, the Lehigh Valley, and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads, and on the Raritan river and the Delaware and Raritan canal. It is an important industrial community and has manufactures of moving-picture films, woolen goods, engines, asbestos products, paint, and lumber. There is a public library, a hospital, and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 3,970; (1920) 5,906.
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Bounty
a grant or benefaction from the Government to those whose services directly or indirectly benefit it, and to whom, therefore, it desires to accord some recompense, or at least recognition. In law and commerce, it is a premium paid by a government to the producers, exporters or importers of certain articles, or to those who employ ships in certain trades. This is done either with the view of fostering a new trade during its infancy, or of protecting an old one which is supposed to be of special importance to the country. In for a premium to be paid to the producers of cane, beet, and sorghum sugar by way of bounty. This act greatly stimulated the sugar-producing industry of the country.
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Bounty Jumper
a term used during the Civil War in the United States to denote one who enlisted in the United military service to secure the States mili bounty paid by the Government for volunteers, and then deserted.
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Bouquet, Henry
boo-ka, Henry (1719-1765), a Swiss soldier. He served in the armies of Holland, Sardinia, and England. During the French and Indian War he came to America as lieutenant-colonel in an English regiment and held various commands in this country. He is affectionately remembered in Pennsylvania for vigorous campaigns carried on against the Indians. In 1763 he checked an Indian massacre by a victory at Bushy Run, near Fort Pitt. The next year he put an end to Indian depredations by a signal victory won at the forks of the Muskingum River, 150 miles west of Pittsburg. The Indians surrendered their white prisoners and sued for peace. Pennsylvania had been noted for Indian massacres both east and west; but, from this time on, was free from the terrors of the tomahawk and scalping knife.
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Bourbon Whisky
a term applied to Kentucky whisky, made from a mixture of corn, rye, and malt. In its distillation some of the oils and acids are allowed to remain. These, with age, undergo chemical action, and are converted into aromatic ethers.
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Bourdaloue
LOUIS (bör-dä-lö'), a Jesuit, and one of the greatest preachers France ever produced, was born in 1632. The extreme popularity of his sermons induced his superiors to call him to Paris where at their Church of St. Louis, his eloquence attracted crowds, and he became the favorite preacher of Louis XIV., who, on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, sent him into Languedoc to convert the Protestants. Toward the latter part of his life he rarely ascended the pulpit, and devoted himself to attending the sick, visiting the prisons and other works of charity; and died in 1704 universally lamented.
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Bourdillon, Francis W.
Francis W. (1852-), an English poet. His published works are Among the Flowers, a translation of Aucassin and Nicolette, etc. He is best known as the author of the exquisite lines: The night has a thousand eyes, And the day but one; Yet the light of the bright world dies With the dying sun. The mind has a thousand eyes, And the heart but one; Yet the light of a whole life dies When love is done.
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Bourette
bur-ret', a general term including several novelty dress fabrics, the distinguishing feature of which is a knob or lump appearing at regular intervals over the face of the cloth. The knob is produced in the spinning process and may be of the same material as the yarn, or of different material and color.
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Bourgeois
LÉON VICTOR AU- GUSTE, a French statesman, born in Paris in 1851. He received a careful education at the Lycée Charlemagne and was destined for the law, which profession he followed for some time, though his inclinations drew him more and more into the domain of politics. He rose step by step from minor offices until he became Minister of Public Instruction in the French Cabinet, 1890-1892. Following this, he held a place in many cabinets and was Premier, 1895-1896. In political life he has been a radical by conviction, but has shown great talent in conciliating diverse elements, so that he has occupied in French public life a rôle very similar to that of Henry Clay, "The Great Compromiser," in our own national history. He was a delegate to the Hague Conference, and it was the talent LEON V. A. BOURGEOIS shown and the experience gained in this connection that caused him to be chosen to preside in 1920 at the first session of the League of Nations. As one of the French delegates to the Peace Conference, he took a leading part in the discussions, and was a very influential figure.
a size of printing larger than brevier and smaller than type long primer, used in books and newspapers; now supplanted by 9-point type.
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