Caloric
the name given to a supposed imponderable fluid to which the sensation and phenomena of heat were formerly attributed.
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Single-source entries: C (10)
These 16 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Caloric, Caloric Engine, Calorie.
Caloric Engine
the name given by JOHN ERICSSON (q. v.) to his hot-air engine.
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Calorie
the metric heat unit; the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1° C.
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Calorimeter
an instrument for measuring the quantity of heat which a body parts with or absorbs when its temperature sinks or rises through a certain number of degrees, or when it changes its condition. An ice-calorimeter was invented by Lavoisier and Laplace. It is now superseded by the mercury calorimeter of Favre and Silbermann, which is a very delicate instrument. It is essentially a thermometer with a very large bulb and a capillary tube.
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Calpurnia
the fourth wife of Julius Cæsar, married to him 59 B. C. She was a daughter of L. Calpurnius Piso, who was consul in 58 b. c.
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Calthorpe
SIR SOMERSET AR- British Admiral; THUR-GOUGH, a born in 1864. He entered the Royal Navy in 1878 and became a Captain in 1902 and a Vice-Admiral in 1917. He commanded the Second Cruiser Squadron, 1914-1916, and was in charge in the Ægean Sea at the time that Turkey sought an armistice. This was arranged by him to be signed at the island of Mudros, and his was one of the names inscribed on the document.
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Calumet
the pipe of peace used by the Indians of North America . The bowl was made of some sort of soapstone, or of red pipestone. A long reed served for a stem. On all ceremonial occasions the calumet was passed from hand to hand. When met to make a treaty, the warriors sat in a circle. The pipe was passed around gravely; each warrior took a few whiffs as a sign of friendship. When the terms of the treaty had been arranged the pipe went around from hand to hand again. Each warrior or chieftain took a whiff or two to indicate his agreement to the terms. If he passed the pipe without smoking he declared his dissent. In this way a vote was taken. The calumet was also passed around the circle as a token that warriors going out to battle would stand or fall together. See Pipestone Break the red stone from this quarry, Mould and make it into Peace-Pipes, Take' the reeds that grow beside you, Deck them with your brightest feathers, Smoke the calumet together, And as brothers live henceforward! --Longfellow, The Song of Hiawatha.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Calumet
a town in Houghton co., Mich.; on the Mineral Range and other railroads; 42 miles N. L'Anse. It is the seat of the famous Calumet and Hecla copper mine. It is the trade and supply center of the Superior mining district, and has a National bank, several weekly newspapers, manufactories, etc. Pop. (1910) 32,345; (1920) 22,369.
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Calumet
a kind of pipe for smoking, used by the North American Indians. The bowl is generally of stone, and the stem is ornamented with features, etc. The calumet is the emblem of peace and hospitality. To refuse the offer of it is to make a proclamation of enmity or war, and to accept it is a sign of peace and friendship.
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Calundronius
A magic stone without form or colour which has the virtues of resisting malign spirits, destroying enchantments, giving to the owner an advantage over his enemies, and of dissipating despair.
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
Calvados
a French department, part of the old province of Normandy, bounded on the N. by the English Channel, and E., W. and S. by the departments Eure, La Manche, and Orne. Area, 2,197 square miles. It is named from a dangerous ridge of rocks which extends along the coast for 10 or 12 miles. The department is undulating and picturesque, and possesses rich pastures. Chief town, Caen. Pop. about 400,000.
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Calvary
the English designation of the spot upon which the crucifixion of Jesus Christ is recorded as having taken place. It lay beyond but near to the city, and by some is identified with the old House of Stoning, or place of public execution, according to the law of Moses, on the top of the remarkable knoll outside the Damascus gate, on the N. side of Jerusalem. It was from this cliff that the criminal used to be flung before being stoned, and on it his body was afterward crucified; for the spot commands a view all over the city, and from the slopes round it the whole population might easily witness the execution. CALVÉ, EMMA (käl-vā'), a French opera singer; born in 1866. She made her début at Brussels in Gounod's "Faust." She has made successful tours of the United States in leading rôles. From 1893 to 1904 she was one of the most popular and successful members of the Metropolitan Opera Company. She practically retired from the stage in 1910, appearing, however, still in concerts.
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Calvary, Mount
Mount, a small eminence near the city of Jerusalem on the road to Damascus. It is noted in sacred history as the place of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. In the Hebrew original, the word was Golgotha, signifying a skull. It was the common place of execution for criminals. See Jerusalem
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Calverley
CHARLES STUART, an English poet and humorist; born in Martley, Worcestershire, Dec. 22, 1831; he was educated at Oxford and Cambridge. He possessed an exquisite wit. His "Verses and Translations" (1862), have been often reprinted. His "Society by great elegance Verses" are marked by and geniality. He died Feb. 17, 1884.
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Calvert
GEORGE. See BALTI- MORE (LORD). reformer and
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Calvinistic Methodists
a section of the Methodists, distinguished by their Calvinistic sentiments from the ordinary Wesleyans, who are Arminian. Wesley and Whitefield, the colleagues in the great evangelistic movement which the evangelistily movementralhich regenerate England in the 18th century, differed with regard to the doctrines of grace, Wesley being Arminian, and Whitefield Calvinistic; the latter revival preacher may be looked on as the father and founder of Calvinistic Methodism. Other names, and especially that of Howell Harries, of Trevecca, should be mentioned in connection with it. In its distinctive form it dates from 1725, but did not completely sever its connection with the English Church till 1810. In government it is now Presbyterian. Its great seat is Wales.
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