Single-source entries: C (10)

Camberwell

a metropolitan borater London, on the S. side of ough of Greater the Thames, in the county of Surrey. . Pop (1918) 262,000. LONDON.

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Cambier

ERNEST, a Belgian explorer, born in Ath, in 1844. He served for some time in the Belgian army, and in 1877 had the position of geographer with the first expedition of the International African Association. He became the leader of the expedition, when the original commander, Crespel, died at Zanzibar in 1878. After enduring almost unexampled hardships, the expedition reached Unyamwezi and later attained Karema on Lake Tanganyika. He stayed there for four years, and the valuable researches that he carried on were after ward embodied in his report entitled "Rapports sur les Marches de la Première Expédition de l'Association Internationale Africaine." He died in 1909.

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Cambions

Offspring of the incubi and succubi (q.v.), according to Bodin and Delamare. Some are more kindly disposed to the human race than others. Luther says of them in his Colloquies that they show no sign of life before seven years of age. He says that he saw one which cried when he touched it. Maïole states, according to Boguet in his Discours des Sorciers (chap. XIV.), that a Galician mendicant was in the habit of exciting public pity by carrying about a Campion. One day, a horseman observing him to be much hampered by the seeming infant in crossing a river, took the supposed child before him on his horse. But he was so heavy that the animal sank under the weight. Some time afterwards the mendicant was taken and admitted that the child he habitually carried was a little demon whom he had trained so carefully that no one refused him alms whilst carrying it. a

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Cambium

the viscid substance which appears, in the spring, between the wood and bark of exogenous trees when the new wood is forming, and again disappears as soon as the wood is completely formed. It reappears whenever the plant is again called into growth, as at midsummer, in those species which shoot twice a year.

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Cambon

JULES MARTIN, a French diplomatist; born in Paris, April 5, 1845. He studied for the law and fought in the Franco-Prussian War, reaching the grade of captain. Entering the civil service, he became prefect of Constantine in 1878, prefect of the Department du Nord in 1882, prefect of the Rhône in 1887, Governor-General of Algeria in 1891, and Ambassador to the United States from 1897-1902. He represented Spain in drawing up the Spanish-American protocol in 1898. In 1902 he was appointed Ambassador at Madrid, and in 1907 at Berlin. Though he had resigned in December, 1913, he was still Ambassador at Berlin when the World War broke out. He became General Secretary to the Foreign Office in the cabinet of M. Briand. He was a delegate to the Peace Congress in 1919 and served subsequently on many important commissions connected with the carrying out of the treaty terms.

ON, PAUL, a French diplomatist; born in Paris, Jan. 20, 1843. He Ecole Polytechwas graduated at the nique in 1863, and, after serving as Secretary to Jules Ferry, became Secretary of Prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes, Prefect of the Aube, and French Resident-General in Tunis. After serving as Ambassador at Madrid and Constantinople, he was transferred to London in 1898. He played an important part in the formation of the Anglo-French entente. Although he had announced, in 1913, his intention to retire, he served at London throughout the World War.

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Cambray

or CAMBRAI, a fortified city of France, in the department of Nord, capital of the arrondissement, on the Scheldt, 32 miles S. S. E. of Lille. Its fortifications were improved by Vauban; the town is well built, and has a magnificent parade ground. Its principal public buildings are the Cathedral, the City Hall, and the Theater, and it has some good schools of art, and a public library. Cambray was formerly an archbishopric, and can boast of having had Fénelon, who died here in 1715, among its prelates. Cambray has long been famous for its manufacture of fine linens and lawns, whence all similar fabrics are called cambrics. It has also manufactures of thread, cottons, soap, leather, linens, etc. It is a very ancient city, having been an important place under the Romans. In 1508 the League of Cambray was concluded here. It was formed by Maximilian I. of Germany, Louis XII. of France, the King of Aragon, Ferdinand of Spain, and Pope Julius, against the Venetian Republic. In 1529 peace between Francis I. and Charles V. was also concluded here. During the WORLD WAR (q. v.) Cambray and the territory adjoining saw continuous and severe fighting. In November, 1917, American railway engineers assisted the British and Canadians in driving back a German surprise attack against Allied positions near Cambray. Pop. about 25,000.

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Cambria

the ancient name of Wales, the Britannia Secunda of the Romans. The name is derived from that of Cimbri, or Cymri, by which the Welsh have always called themselves.

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Cambrian Rocks

in geology, an extensive series of gritstones, sandstones, conglomerates, slates, and shales, lying under the Lower Silurian beds, and above the Archæan, and divided into the Upper and Lower Cambrian. Many fossils occur in the including sponges, star-fishes, trilobites, brachio pods, lamellibranchs, pteropods, gasteropods, cephalopods, etc. They may be regarded as the bottom rocks of the well developed Silurian system, and are in N. Wales (hence the name), but can in many other regions. be recognized

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Cambridgeshire

England in the inland division. It has about 860 square miles, of which the greater part is meadow and an area of pasture land. The chief rivers are the Ous Ouse, Cam, the Nene, and the Lark. The county-town is Cambridge. Pop. about 200,000.

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Camel's Hump

one of the peaks of the Green Mountains, in Vermont, 17 miles W. of Montpelier.

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Camel's-hair Brush

An excellent tool for giving the final touches to finished dry-sand and loam work, as also for use on green-sand surfaces with dry lead. For these purposes they should be double thickness and brass-bound. They are sold by the width at from thirty-five to forty cents per inch. See BRUSHES.

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