Clinton (Town in Worcester a co Mass)
town in Worcester a co., Mass.; on the Nashua river, and the Boston and Maine and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads; 40 miles W. of Boston. It has important cotton and carpet manufactories, furnished with excellent power from the river; is connected with neighboring towns by electric street railroads; and has numerous churches, daily newspapers, electric lights, public library, high and graded public schools, a National bank, etc. Pop. (1910) 13,075; (1920) 12,979.
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Clinton, De Witt
De Witt (1769-1828), a governor of New York . He was a lawyer of New York City and held many important positions, including the mayoralty of the city and a seat in the United States Senate; but his chief service was an insistent, intelligent, foreseeing advocacy, in season and out of season, of the building of the Erie Canal from Buffalo, through the Mohawk Valley, to the Hudson. The story of his struggles with prejudice, ignorance, indifference, delay, and jealousy, and his final triumphant ride in the autumn of 1825 in a barge from one end of the completed waterway to the other, reads like a romance. He died in office. The commercial supremacy and growth of New York date from the successful issue of Governor Clinton's policy. See New York ; Erie Canal
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Clio
a pseudonym of Addison, formed from the various signatures "C," "L," "I," "O," used by him in The Spectator. The letters probably stood for Chelsea, London, Islington, and the Office, the places where the essays were composed.
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Clio
kli'o, in Greek mythology, the muse of history. She was the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne, and the mother of Hyacinthus and Hymenaeus. She is usually represented in a sitting posture, her head crowned with laurel, a roll of papyrus in her hand. There is also in Greek mythology a sea-nymph, daughter of Oceanus, named Clio.
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Clio
glory, renown, the muse of history and epic epic poetry, represented as bearing a half-opened roll of a book. Daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne, she was the mother of Hyacinthus and Hymenæus. There was also a sea nymph, Clio, daughter of Oceanus and sister of Beroe, who figures in Greek mythology.
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Clisthenes
an Athenian law-giver, who established a popular constitution after the expulsion of Hippias, in 509 B. C.
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Clitus
a distinguished Macedonian general, who saved the life of Alexander the Great at the battle of Granicus, but who, having expostulated with his imperial master when the latter was in a fit of intoxication, was slain by him, b. c. 328.
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Clive, Robert
Robert (1725-1774), an English soldier. His name is connected with the conquest and occupancy of India by Great Britain . He began service in India as a clerk, but exhibited military ability during the uprisings of the natives against the East India Company . He defeated the native nabob of Bengal in the battle of Plassey, June, 1755, and was appointed governor. His administration was made the subject of a Parliamentary inquiry. It will not bear a close examination, but if the acquisition of India is to be regarded as a great event, the name of Clive must be linked in fame with that of "Warren Hastings as one of the men who brought about the result. Browning's poem, Clive, gives a striking portrait. See India ; Hastings
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Cloaca
a sewer, an underground drain or conduit. The Roman Cloaca Maxima (the greatest or main sewer) is said to have been constructed, or at least begun under the auspices of King Tarquinius Priscus, about B. c. 588.
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Cloaca Maxima
klo-a'ka mak'si-ma, a great stone sewer of Rome. It passes under the forum and discharges into the Tiber. It is an excellent piece of engineering, dating from the time of Augustus. It is still in use, but is absolutely prosaic and disagreeable, of interest chiefly to historians and scholars. The masonry consists of three concentric circles of hewn stones. The interior is about thirteen feet in diameter. The bodies of criminals displayed in the forum for the pleasure of the mob were usually thrown through a hole into this main sewer. A little statue near by was dedicated to Juno as the patroness of drainage purity.
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Clock and Watchmaking
E. B. Denison, M. A., 12mo, London, 1848.
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Clock Watch
A watch which automatically strikes the hours.
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Clockmakers' Company
In 1631 the clockmakers residing within the liberties and suburbs of the city of London petitioned the crown for a charter incorporating all the clockmakers, both free and foreign, who practiced clockmaking in the city of London, and ten miles compass, by the name of the Master, Wardens, and Fellowship of the art or mystery of clockmaking of the City of London, constituting them one body corporate and politic in deed and name, to have and continue forever.
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Cloelia
A Roman virgin, one of the hostages given to Porsena, who escaped from the Etruscan camp and swam across the Tiber to Rome. She was sent back by the Romans to Porsena, who was so struck with her gallant deed that he not only set her at liberty, but allowed her to take with her a part of the hostages.
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Cloquet
a city of Minnesota, in Carlton co. It is on the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, and the Duluth and Northeastern railroads, and on the St. Louis river. It is the center of an extensive lumber region and has manufactures of print paper, boxes, and match blocks. Pop. (1910) 7,031; (1920) 5,127.
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Closing
This term in the foundry means the operation of placing all the parts composing the entire mould in their respective places. A green-sand mould is frequently spoken of as "closed" immediately the cope or top part has been placed thereon.
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Closure
a rule in British parliamentary procedure adopted in 1887 by which, at any time after a question has been proposed, a motion may be made with the speaker's or chairman's consent "That the question be now put," when the motion is immediately put and decided without debate or amendment. The motion must be supported by more than 100 members and opposed by less than 40, or have the support of 200 members. The introduction of the Closure was intended to prevent debates from being too much spun out. In the Congress of the United States the practice has been to allow unlimited debate, and it is for this reason that there are so many instances of obstructionary tactics being resorted to by a minority to delay the passage of a measure. These tactics have been given the general name of "filibustering," and include almost every expedient known to parliamentary tacticians. A call for "the previous question," if sustained, will usually terminate discussion immediately. CLOTAIRE I., son and successor of
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