Single-source entries: C (101)

Concave

The internal surface of a hollow a rounded body. The reverse of convex.

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Concentration Camps

or DIS- TRICTS, the terms are in military usage applied to points, contiguous to the scene of intended departure or operations, where troops are appointed to assemble in large force. The object may be an immediate attack on the enemy or embarkation for the front. During the World War the terms were also applied to the improvised places where war prisoners were confined, and at an earlier date to the camps in which the British collected Boer non-combatants during the war in South Africa (1899- 1902). This is the sense in which the term is popularly used, and it was given a wider application during the rebellion in Cuba against Spanish rule (1896- 1898) when the commanders of the Spanish forces compelled Cuban women and children and other non-combatants to remain within certain fixed boundaries. The idea has been put into practice in most modern campaigns, and concentration camps or districts, where non-combatants were kept out of danger and prevented from interfering with military operations, were established by the American forces in the Philippines during the war with Spain.

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Concepcion

the name of several places in Spanish America, including (1) a province of Chile stretching from the Andes to the coast N. of Arauco. It is an important agricultural and cattleraising district; and has valuable coalmines. Area, 3,535 square miles; pop. about 225,000. 225,000. Concepcion, the capital, near the mouth of the Biobio, has a cathedral and notable buildings. Its port is the safest in Chile. It ranks next to Valparaiso as a mart of foreign trade. Pop. about 55,000. (2) Concepcion del Uruguay, the former capital of the Argentine province of Entre Rios, on the Uruguay, 180 miles S. E. of Paraná by the Entre Rios railway, with large slaughter-houses and active river-trade. (3) Concepcion, a town of Paraguay, on the Paraguay river, about 260 miles above Asuncion, with trade in maté. (4) The name of several places in Bolivia, the largest being Concepcion de Apolobamba, capital of the province of Caupolican, formerly a Franciscan mission. Its Indian population cultivate coca and cacao, and collect medicinal barks from the surrounding forests. (5) Concepcion, a town of Mexico, 50 miles W. of Chihuahua, in the upper Yaqui valley, famous for its apples. (6) Concepcion de la Vega, a town of San Domingo, 5 miles S. E. of Santiago.

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Conception

in physiology, the first formation of the embryo of an animal; the first animation of the ovum at the moment when it escapes from the ovarium, passing through the Fallopian tube to the uterus. In mental philosophy: (1) The cognition of classes, as distinguished from individuals; that special

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Conception of Our Lady

an order of nuns, founded in Portugal in 1484 by Beatrix de Sylva , in honor of the immaculate conception. It was confirmed in 1489 by Pope Innocent VIII . In 1489 Cardinal Ximenes put the nuns under the direction of the Franciscans , and imposed on them the rule of of St. Clara. The order subsequently spread into Italy and France .

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Conceptualism

the distinctive speculative opinion, or opinions, of the conceptualists.

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Concertina

a musical instrument invented by Professor Wheatstone, the principle of which is similar to that of the accordion. It is composed of a bellows, with two faces or ends, generally polygonal in shape, on which are placed the various stops or studs, by the action of which air is admitted to the free metallic reeds which produce the sounds . In the English concertina the compass is three octaves and three notes.

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Concerto

a composition for the display of the qualities of some especial instrument, accom accompanied by others of a similar or dissimilar character. The word is at the present time usually applied to a composition for a solo instrument accompanied by full orchestra, as opposed to a sonata, in which the soloist is unaccompanied by other instruments, or only supported by the pianoforte.

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Conch

a marine shell, especially of the Strombus gigas; and , in art, a spiral shell used by the Tritons as a trumpet , and still used by some African people in war. The shells are found in large numbers in West Indies, in Florida , and in Bahamas. The conches are shipped generally to Europe and used for medical purposes, ornaments , etc.

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Concha

MANUEL GUTIERREZ DE LA, a Spanish general, brother of José Concha, born in 1808. In 1845 he out down an uprising in Catalonia, and in 1847 amicably adjusted a dispute between Portugal and Spain. In the revolution of 1868 he vainly aided the cause of the Bourbons and was forced to flee from Spain. He was killed in 1874 while assaulting a fortress at Estella. a curve invented by

JOSÉ GUTIERREZ DE LA, a Spanish soldier and statesman , born in Cordoba, Argentina, in 1809. He served in the Spanish army and was appointed captain-general of Cuba. In 1862 was made a minister to France, and between 1864-68 served as president in the Spanish senate. He died in 1895. put

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Conchoid

Nicomedes in the 2d century A. D., and used by him for finding two mean proportionals.

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Conchology

the science of shells. Two well-marked stages in its development are traceable. At first shells were studied without any reference to the animals of which they constituted the hard Subsequently framework or sekelton. the study took a wider scope, and for the first time became worthy of being called a science, when the animals and their shells were viewed as parts of one common whole. When shells, and they alone, were studied, conchology was a not unsuitable name, except that the termination -ology suggested that the investigation was more scientific than in most cases it really was. When the animals came to be carefully examined , M. de Blainville proposed for this deeper study the name malacozoölogy-i. e., the study of the softer animals-viz., mollusks; this has been since abbreviated into malacology.

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Concini

CONCINO, an Italian, minto Louis XIII ister .

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Concord

in music, the combination of two or more sounds pleasing to the ear. Concords are the octave, the fifth, third, and sixth. The two first are called perfect, because as concords they are not liable to any alteration by sharps or flats. The two last are called imperfect, as being alterable.

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