Coal-dust
Commonly called sea-coal facing is ground from bituminous coal that has been selected for its freedom from slate, sulphur, or any other substance of a deleterious nature. When this dust is mixed with the sand, it breaks up and separates the fusible elements contained therein, and that which is not separated is more or less impregnated with the gas produced. Fusing of the sand is by this means partially prevented by reason of the hydrogen and carbon which the sea-coal contains. Experience teaches just how much coal-dust is required for this purpose; but it is seldom that more than one of coal to six of sand can be used, as any higher percentage will produce a too open mixture which results in streaked blotches on the castings, caused by the molten iron searching out the surplus coal and consuming it. See FACING-SAND; FACING.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
Coaldale
a borough of Pennsylvania, in Schuylkill co. It is on the Lehigh and New England, and the Central of New Jersey railroads, and is the center of an important coal mining region. Pop. (1910) 5,154; (1920) 6,336.
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Coan
TITUS (kō'an), an American missionary; born in Killingworth, Conn., Feb. 1, 1801. After spending several months (1833-1834) on a dangerous exploring expedition in Patagonia, he went to the Sandwich Islands (1835), occupying the Hilo station 47 years, and in that time converting nverting 14,000 natives. He wrote: "Adventures in Patagonia" (1880); "Life in Hawaii" (1881). He died at Hilo, Hawaii, Dec. 1, 1882.
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Coanza
or KUANZA, a river of Portuguese West Africa, flows generally N. W., and enters the Atlantic about 30 miles S. of St. Paul de Loando, by a mouth over a mile broad. It is navigable for light vessels as far as the Cambambe cataracts, over 120 miles.
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Coast Guard
a formerly under the customs department, and intended only to prevent smuggling, but now organized also for purposes of defense and governed by the admiralty. The men, who are generally old men-ofwar's men of good character, have high pay, and are furnished with free cottages. The force numbers with officers and men about 4,000. In the United States the force is part of the Treasury Department. See COAST SURVEY, UNITED STATES.
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Coatesville
a borough of Pennsylvania, in Chester co., on the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads. It is an important industrial center and has manufactures of iron and steel, boilers, brass works, silk, tobacco, automobiles, etc. Its notable buildings include the Y. M. C. A. building and a hospital. Pop. (1910) 11,084; (1920) 14,515.
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Coati
or COATI-MONDI, a name of South American plantigrade carnivorous 5 COAST DEFENSE 6. Observation Stand. 7. Disappearing Guns. 4. Battery Chief's Station. mammals, of the genus Nasua, belonging to the ursidæ or bears, but recalling rather the raccoon or civet, and having a long proboscis or snout. They feed on worms, insects, and the smaller quadrupeds, but chiefly on eggs and young birds. COAT OF ARMS. See HERALDRY.
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Coating Metals
Important: Safety Warning This page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes. This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon. Iron castings may be coated with gold or silver by first cleaning and then boiling, in a porcelain vessel, containing water 12, muriatic acid (sp. gr. 1.2) 1 1/2, iron vitriol 2, zinc 1, mercury 12. A layer of mercury is soon deposited on the iron, upon which the gold amalgam may be distributed. For silvering, the iron must be first coated with copper, and the silver applied in the leaf or by means of amalgam. See ZINC COATING; TINNING; SILVERING; GILDING.
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Cobalt
a metal resembling silver in appearance; but with a slight trace of red. It is brittle and highly magnetic. It is harder than iron, but melts more easily and is a trifle heavier. Cobalt occurs in nature almost always in company with nickel, and is produced with it. Compounds of cobalt, called cobalt salts, have a peculiar way of changing color. When dry they are blue, and when wet they are red. Ink made of a cobalt salt is accordingly red, and produces red writing; but if the writing be dried before a fire until it loses its moisture, the writing turns blue. Exposure to vapor brings back a red color. If the ink be made very weak the red will not show, but heat will develop the blue. In this way secret correspondence has not infrequently been carried on. A letter in ordinary ink is sent with a second letter in invisible ink written between lines. Servants and spies not in the secret were satisfied with reading the letter written in black ink; while that written in sympathetic was unsuspected, save by the person for whom it was intended. Cobalt is a fast mineral dye, giving its name to cobalt blue. It is used in the manufacture of stained glass, paints, colored porcelain, etc. Cobalt blue is unrivaled for beauty and intensity. Large deposits of cobalt have recently been discovered in Canada. The output for 1909 was 48,000 tons, valued at $18,700,000. See Ink
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Cobalt (City of Ontario Canada)
a city of Ontario, Canada, in the Timiskaming district . It is on the Timiskaming and Northern Ontario railway and is the center of a rich mineral region, including mines of silver, nickel, bismuth, cobalt, copper, lead, and zinc. These deposits were first discovered in 1903. The silver mines were especially rich and their discovery resulted in a rush to the locality by by a large number of people, and the rapid development of the mines. The town grew rapidly, but in 1912 a large part of it was destroyed by fire. It was, however, rebuilt. Pop. about 6,000.
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Cobaltic Oxide
Manganese. Cadmium. Alloy for Tea Pots 88.55 9.94 0.88 9.53 Alloy for Knives and Forks 10 1 100 Alloy for Opera Glasses 20 20 100 Alloy Resembling Silver 20 55 25 Alloy Resembling Silver 57 5 6.5 20 Alloy for Gongs and Bells 25 100 Alloy, Non-Magnetic 45to75 20to25 15to30 Bell Metal, American 11 39 Bell Metal, Japanese 5 3 1 2 10 Bronze, Japanese 4.36 1.86 9.9 82.72 0.55 Bronze, Manganese 20 54.50 25.50 Bronze for Medals 4 50 Bronze for
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