Conservatory
a name given on the European continent to a systematic school of musical instruction. In Great Britain the term is usually applied to foreign schools of music. Conservatories were originally benevolent establish ments attached to hospitals, or other charitable or religious institutions. In Naples there were formerly three conservatories for boys; in Venice four for girls; the Neapolitan group being reduced in 1818 to a single establishment under the name of the Royal College of Music. In Milan, a conservatory was established in 1808. In France the musical school established in connection with the Opera received its final organization in 1795 under the name of Conservatoire de Musique. The Conservatorium, founded at Leipzig in 1842 under the auspices of Mendelssohn, is one of the most influential in Germany. Institutions of the same description are established in the capitals and large cities of Europe and the United States.
in gardening, is a term generally applied by gardeners to plant-houses, in which the plants are raised in a bed or border without the use of pots, the building being frequently attached to a mansion.
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Conserve
a form of medicine in which flowers, herbs, fruits, roots, are preserved as nearly as possible in their natural fresh state.
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Conshohocken
a borough of Pennsylvania, in Montgomery co. It is on the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads, and on the Schuylkill river. It has rolling mills, foundries, furnaces, rubber works, cotton and woolen mills, and steel mills, and is an important manufacturing Pop. (1910) 7,480; (1920) center. 8,481.
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Constable, Archibald
kun'sta-bl, Archibald, (1774-1827), a Scottish publisher. Constable was the original publisher of the Edinburgh Review and of Sir Walter Scott's poems and novels. A warm friendship between publisher and author led to Scott's admission to the firm of Constable and Company which failed for $1,250,000 in 1826. Constable died of a broken heart, and Scott wore out his life in an attempt, largely successful, to pay off the firm's indebtedness. Several of Scott's later novels were written to pay off this debt. See Blackie; Clark
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Constance, Lake
Lake, a fine body of water on the borders of Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. Length, 40 miles; width, 9 miles; greatest depth, 912 feet; altitude, 1,385 feet. The Rhine flows through the lake from southeast to northwest. The waters of the lake are of a beautiful pale green hue, and are well stocked with fish. The waters are subject to a sudden rise due to some underground cause. In 1770 a rise of twenty feet inside of an hour is on record. Commodious steamers ply on the lake. As the lake is neutral, passengers crossing it from one country to another are liable to have to go through the formality of having their baggage examined. Of the numerous towns on its shores, the old town of Constance, situated at its outlet, is most noted.
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Constantia
A granddaughter of the great Constantine, who married the Emperor Gratian. Constantinopolis (Constantinople). Built on the site of the ancient Byzantium, by Constantine the Great, who called it after his own name, and made it the capital of the Roman empire.
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Constantinus
Surnamed the Great, from the greatness of his exploits, was son of Constantius. It is said that as he was going to fight against Maxentius, one of his rivals, he saw a cross in the sky with the inscription In hoc vince. From this he became a convert to Christianity, ever after adopting a cross for his standard. He founded a city where old Byzantium formerly stood, and called it Constantinopolis. There he kept his court, and made it the rival of Rome in population and magnificence. He died A. D. 337, after a reign of thirty-one years of the greatest glory.
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Constantius
CHLORUS, nephew of the emperor Claudius II., became Cæsar in 292 A. D., received Britain, Gaul, and Spain as his government, and after reestablishing Roman power in Britain and defeating the Alemanni, became one of the two Augustuses in 305, but died in York in 306. Constantine the Great was his son. - (2) Constantius, third son of Constantine, was Roman emperor, 337- 361 A. D. He fought with the Persians; and after the death in 350 of his brother Constans (who in 340 had defeated their elder brother Constantine), became sole emperor till his death in 361.
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Constantius Chlorus
Son of Eutropius , and father of the great Constantine. He obtained victories in Britain and Germany. He became the colleague of Galerius on the abdication of Diocletian, and died A. D. 306, bearing the reputation of being brave, humane, and benevolent.
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Constipation
an undue retention of the fæces or their imperfect evacuation. When the morbid affection is but slight it is of little moment. In most cases, however, there is headache, more rarely vertigo; while if the disease be protracted and severe, colic, hæmorrhoids, cutaneous eruptions, hysteria, epilepsy, or even ileus or enteritis, the last two fatal diseases, may be the result.
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Constituent Assembly
a name given to the first convention of the delegates of the French nation (1787-1791) to distinguish it from the legislative assembly sem of of 1791 1791. It drew up and obtained the acceptance of the first of the famous revolutionary constitutions. The Constituent Assembly of 1848 had a similar aim.
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Constitutional Convention
in the United States, an assembly of delegates elected by popular vote to prepare or revise the constitution of a State. The 13 original States were admitted into the Union by the act of ratifying the Federal Constitution of 1787; the others have been received after the passage of enabling acts by Congress, and the approval by it of drafts of proposed constitutions. The first duty of a territorial candidate for statehood after the adoption of its enabling act is to call a Constitutional Convention and prepare a constitution, which must conform to the provisions of the Federal Constitution and amendments, and to the spirit of subsequent legislation by Congress. On the filing in Washington of a certificate of adoption of a constitution by the popular vote of the people in the territory, the President of the United States issues a proclamation announcing the admission of the territory into the Union as a State. Subsequently, if deemed necessary or advantageous, the Legislature may authorize Constitutional a Convention for the purpose of revising the Constitution. At the close of the Civil War each of the States formerly in the Confederacy was obliged to hold a Constitutional Convention to prepare new constitution, recognizing the a amendments to the Federal Constitution that had been adopted by the Northern States as a consequence of the war, with those portions of national legislation which were designed to be general in their application.
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