Each of these 9 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
the communication of a disease by contact with the person laboring under it, as distinguished from infection, used to signify its transmission by means of the air without actual personal contact with the diseased person. But sometimes the word contagion is used in both of these senses, and is divided into immediate or contactical contagion, that produced by actual contact, and mediate or remote contagion, communicated by the air.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
those diseases which may be contracted by the healthy from the sick, either by direct contact with an affected part, or by indirect contact through bodily excretions and exhalations. Typical contagious diseases are Spanish influenza, diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever, mumps, smallpox, typhus fever, erysipelas, and bubonic plague. Diseases of this class are a menace to public health, and in all civilized nations stringent methods are used to prevent their spread, and the sufferers are usually placed in quarantine. In the United States the enactment of quarantine laws by the several States is provided in the Federal Constitution. In most States there is a State board of health which either divides the State into distriets for administration, or else delegates its authority to county, township, or city officials. Before the World War there was a well-established system of international quarantine operating under code a drawn by Sir Shenstone Baker in 1879, which was approved by the United States, Germany, Great Britain, and many other nations.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
- One of the Quest" versions of the legend of the Holy Grail (q.v.) compiled by various authors. It tells how Perceval was reared to the life of a forester by his mother; but forsaking her he becomes a member of the Court of King Arthur. Thence he goes forth as a knight-errant, and his numerous adventures are recited. During these, he meets with certain mysteries, but returns to the court. The adventures of Gauvain, another of the knights are fully detailed. Perceval, himself, sets forth again, and wanders about for five years in a very godless state of mind. One Good Friday he meets with a band of pilgrims, who remonstrate with him for riding armed on a holy day; and he turns aside to confess to a hermit who turns out to be his uncle. From him he learns that only the sinless can find the Grail, and that he has sinned in abandoning his mother, and thus causing her death. In a continuation of the legend by a different author, Perceval appears to continue his search, but apparently unsuccessfully; and finally, by yet another compiler we are told that Perceval after many adventures marries Blanchfleure. The nature and origin of the Grail are described in these continuations of the legend.
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
HOUSE OF, this younger branch of the princely French house of Condé took its name from the small town of Conti, near Amiens, and sprang from Armand de Bourbon, brother of the "Great Condé"; born in 1629; died in 1666. The most remarkable member of the family was FRANÇOIS LOUIS, Prince de la Roche-sur-Yon and Conti, born in 1664. He took a brilliant part in the victories of Steinkirk and Neerwinden, and Massillon pronounced his his funeral oration. He died in 1709. The last of the House of Conti was LOUIS FRANÇOIS JOSEPH, born in 1734; died in Spain in 1814.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the large, unbroken tracts of land on the earth, whether altogether or entirely disconnected, are included under this name. Thus Europe ope and Asia together, Africa, North America, South America, and Australia, may all be thus regarded. The word is also applied to the mainland of Europe, as distinguished from the British Islands.
THE DARK. See AFRICA.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
pertaining or relating to a continent; as a continental system. Belonging or relating to the mainland of Europe, in contradistinction to the islands belonging thereto, more especially Great Britain; as, a continental tour. Relating, or pertaining to, the American colonies confederated during the Revolutionary War; as, the Continental Congress.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
in geology, beds which are highly folded, plicated, twisted-the folds being extremely irregular, and giving rise to rapid changes in the direction and angle of inclination. Contorted strata are frequently crumpled and puckered the fossils and pebbles which they may chance to contain being compressed, flattened, and distorted-facts which show that the beds have been subjected to great crushing and squeezing.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
articles in which international law forbids traffic during a time of war. A neutral nation is forbidden for instance, to sell either party to a war guns, ammunition, soldiers' clothing, or the like. If a merchant undertakes to supply these articles he does so at his own risk. The flag of his country does not protect him. A British or an American ship, endeavoring to carry contraband goods to the Japanese or to the Russians during the late war between these peoples, did so at the risk of the owner. Quite a number of ships were captured and confiscated. During the Civil War the Union troops were puzzled to know what disposition to make of slaves who came into their lines. The war was ostensibly for the preservation of the Union--not to free slaves. General B. F. Butler refused to return the slaves to their Southern masters on the ground that they were "contraband of war." This position had a good legal basis, since the Confederates used the negroes to build fortifications, raise food for the armies in the field, and as teamsters and laborers for the armies. At the same time, the chief value of this use of the phrase was in the excuse it provided for not surrendering the fugitives. The term "contraband" was taken up by the newspapers and it clung to the colored people until the war closed.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
articles carried by neutrals in vessels or otherwise for the assistance of an enemy in waging war. The term embraces arms, ammunition, materials for manufacturing gunpowder, armed vessels, coal for warships, provisions and money intended for the military forces, and all supplies of warlike stores or any articles required for the prosecution of the war. Articles which are not ordinarily contraband are also liable to confiscation if they belong to the owner of the contraband and are mingled with the same in the same vehicle of conveyance or in the same packages. Where a blockade of a port is declared and successfully maintained, all articles of value become practically contraband in that they are liable to seizure and confiscation if the attempt is made to carry them into the blockaded port. According to international law, these are liable to seizure and to confiscation by order of a prize court. No recompense is made to the neutral except in the case of provisions. During the World War all the maritime powers declared contraband or conditionally contraband provisions and goods too numerous to mention. The sinking of the "W. B. Frye," laden with grain for London, called forth a protest from the United States Government, and Germany promised compensation. When Germany declared a submarine warfare on commerce, all previous laws relating to contraband were disregarded.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia