Copepoda
an order of Crustacea, ranked under the subclass entomostraca and the legion lophyropoda. They are animals of small size, the body divided into two segments, viz., a cephalothorax and an abdomen. There are two pairs of antennæ, two pairs of footjaws, and five pairs of ordinary feet furnished with bristles and adapted for swimming. There are two families, the cyclopidæ, which have but a single eye; and the cetochilide, which have two eyes. The English book-name of the Copepoda is oar-footed crustaceans.
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Copernicus
or KOPPERNIGK, NICHOLAS, a noted astronomer; born in Thorn, Poland, Feb. 19, 1473. Having studied medicine at Cracow, he afterward devoted himself to mathematics and astronomy, and in 1500 taught mathe- Rematics at Rome with great success. turning to his own country he was made 00000 00 0000000 NICHOLAS COPERNICUS a canon in the cathedral of Frauenburg, and began to work out his new system of astronomy. Doubting that the motions of the heavenly bodies could be so complicated as the Ptolemaic system made them, he was induced to consider the simpler hypotheosis that the sun was the center round which the earth and the other planets revolve. Besides this fundamental truth Copernicus anticipated many other of the principal facts of astronomical science, such as the motion of the earth round its axis, the immense distance of the stars which made their apparent position the same from any part of the earth's orbit, etc. His general theory also enabled him to explain for the first time many of the important phenomena of nature, such as the variations of the seasons and the precession of the equinoxes. The great work in which Copernicus explained his theory "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs," was completed in 1530, and published at Nuremberg in 1543. He was excommunicated by the Pope on account of it. He died at Frauenburg, May 24, 1543.
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Copernicus, Nicholas
ko-per'ni-kus, Nicholas, (1473-1543), a celebrated astronomer. A native of Thorn, Poland. Of German ancestry. He studied at Cracow, Bologna, and Padua. Copernicus was a professor of mathematics at Rome, 1501, and later he became canon of a cathedral under his bishop uncle, his mother's brother. Taking the hints given by Pythagoras, Copernicus spent several years in studying the apparent motions of the heavenly bodies, and wrote a treatise, first published at Nuremberg in 1543 giving proof that the earth and planets move around the sun as a center. In deference to the Church of Rome, then committed to the opposite theory, Copernicus dedicated his book to the pope and put forth his theory as a mild suggestion with such proofs as had occurred to him. The central statement of the work is this: "The earth is not the center of the universe. It is only a satellite of the sun." It is needless to say that the " Copernican System " was rejected promptly by the authorities of the day. It is said, on what authority we do not know, that Copernicus received the first copy of his book fresh from Nuremberg the day he died. A crater, 56 miles in width, of an extinct volcano in the moon has been named Copernicus in honor of the great astronomer. See Kepler ; Galileo
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Cophetua
ko-fet'u-a, King, in old English ballad, an African king. He disdains all womankind, but Cupid appears. "He drew a dart and shot at him." Cophetua then falls in love with a beggar maid, named Penelophon. He weds her and they live a long and happy life together. Shakespeare alludes to Cophetua several times. In Romeo and Juliet occurs the line, "When King Cophetua loved the beggar maid." Tennyson in The Beggar Maid has given a pretty, modernized version of the story. Her arms across her breast she laid; She was more fair than words can say: Bare-footed came the beggar-maid Before the king Cophetua. In robe and gown the king stept down, To meet and greet her on her way; "It is no wonder," said the lords, "She is more beautiful than day." As shines the moon in clouded skies, She in her poor attire was seen: One praised her ankles, one her eyes, One her dark hair and lovesome mien. So sweet a face, such angel grace, In all that land had never been: Cophetua sware a royal oath: "This beggar maid shall be my queen!"
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Copley
JOHN SINGLETON, an American painter; born in Boston, Mass., July 3, 1737; removed to London, England, in 1776, and acquired a reputation / as a historical painter. He was elected a member of the Royal Academy in 1779. His most celebrated picture is "Death of Lord Chatham," now in the National Gallery. He died in London, Sept. 9, 1815. COPPÉE, FRANÇOIS (ko-pā), a French dramatist; born in Paris, Jan. 12, 1842. He was trained for what the Parisians call a ministerial career, but wrote "The Reliquary" and "Intimacies," In "Modern Poems," books of verse. "The Benediction," and "The Strike of the Smiths," we have a very modern note. He died May 23, 1908.
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Copper Nickel
or KUPFER- NICKEL, an ore of nickel, an alloy of nickel and arsenic, containing about 60 of the former and 40 of the latter, of a copper color, found in the mines of Westphalia.
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Copper Plate
a polished plate of copper on which the lines of some drawing or design are engraved or etched to be printed from; also a print or impression from such a plate.
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Copper Pyrites
or yellow copper ore, a double sulphide of copper and iron composed in equal parts of copper, sulphur, and iron. It occurs mostly in primary and metamorphic rocks, cks, and is the chief copper ore of England.
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Copper River
also called Atna, a river of Alaska, having its source in the Copper Glacier on Mt. Wrangel and flowing in the Gulf of Alaska. The upper river flows first N. then W. through a wide plain, and the lower through defiles in the Chugach Mountains. It is about 300 miles long; its basin is about 23,000 square miles in area, and its fall is about 3,600. The name of the river was derived from the belief that it held copper in solution. It has several tributaries, the chief being the Chitna, which flows into it from the E.
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