Colonel
the commander of a regiment, whether of cavalry, infantry, or artillery. Any rank above a Colonel constitutes the bearer of it a general officer. In the British service the rank of Colonel is honorary, except in the artillery and engineers, and is usually bestowed upon officers of superior rank and princes of the blood. In the United States army a Colonel is commander of troops below a Brigadier-General, and above a Lieutenant-Colonel.
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Colonia
a department of Uruguay, on the Plata, below the Ur Uruguay river. The uplands are barren, but in the fertile valleys and plains are numerous European colonies, engaged in agriculture and stock-raising. Area, 2,192 square miles; pop. (1917) 82,596. The capital, Colonia del Sacramento, on the Plata, about 100 miles above Montevideo, has a good harbor.
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Colonial Dames of America
SOCIETY OF, women's patriotic society founded at New York City in 1890, with the object of fostering a spirit of patriotism, caring for the historical relics of colonial and Revolutionary times, and of celebrating the success of the American Revolution. To become a member one must have had an ancestor of distinction who resided in the colonies prior to the year in which the Declaration of Independence was issued. There are chapters of the society in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Paris, San Francisco and Shreveport, La.
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Colonial Wars
SOCIETY OF, a patriotic organization founded in New York City in 1892. There are many State societies with a general society made up of officers and delegates. Their object is to keep alive the memory of men and events of the colonial and Revolutionary times. They admit to membership men who are descended from those who fought for or served in the establishment and preservation of the American colonies as a nation. In addition to the collecting of many papers valuable for throwing light upon colonial times they have erected valuable memorials to American heroes: one at Louisburg on Cape Breton Island, one at Fort Oswego and Fort Ticonderoga, and a very striking monument at Lake George.
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Colonna (PROSPERO son of Antonio)
PROSPERO, son of Antonio Colonna, prince of Salerno. He assisted Charles VIII. of France to conquer Naples, but subsequently aided in retaking it for the House of Aragon. He served under the great Gonsalvo, and was charged by him to conduct Cesare Borgia prisoner to Spain. In 1513 Prospero defeated the Venetians near Vicenza, was captured by the French two years later, but won several victories over them in 1521 and the following years. He died in 1523. power, and acquired in Africa the territories of Damaraland and Lüderitzland to the N. of Cape Colony, the Kamerun District, a considerable portion of territory formerly claimed by the Sultan of Zanzibar, the Kilima-Njaro, the greater part of Somaliland, etc.; also in the Pacific a portion of New Guinea, now called Kaiser Wilhelm's Land; the Bismarck Archipelago; and the Caroline, Pelew, and Ladrone (excepting Guam) Islands. These colonies were all lost by the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. By the terms of the treaty Great Britain was given a mandate for the former German African colonies, Australia administers the Bismarck Archipelago and Kaiser Wilhelm's Land. Denmark's dependencies, Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands, though of considerable extent, are of small value. The United States has acquired Porto Rico, the Philippine and Sulu Islands, the Ladrone Island of Guam; and the Virgin Islands (Danish West Indies) by treaty and purchase ($25,000,000) in 1916.
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Colonna (Village in the former Papal)
a village in the former Papal states, which gave its name to one the epoch of reproduction, a higher unity of the most powerful and celebrated arisis formed. In the same way a simple tocratic Roman families. The Colonna cup-shaped sponge, by continuous bud- produced in the Middle Ages many distinguished members, among whom, besides Pope V. side V., were:
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Colophony
the dark resin obtained by distilling turpentine.
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Color
the visual impression derived from the hue of any object. The color of any source of light, or of any object which we see, is solely dependent upon the wave-lengths of the vibrations of the light which come to our eyes from the object. In the case of self-luminous objects these wave-lengths are principally dependent on the temperature temperature of the object and the character of the su surrounding absorbing atmosphere, if it has any such or, in the case of gaseous masses, likewise upon their electrical condition and the pressure to which the gas is subjected. In the case of the non-luminous bodies the wave-lengths are dependent upon the reflecting nature of their surfaces, and are also modified by surrounding atmospheres if they have such.
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Color Blindness
a peculiar defect of sight in which those who are affected are incapable of distinguishing different colors. Some see everything either to be light or dark, and have no conception of any other colors. This condition is, however, happily rare.
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Color Hearing
a vision of colors, which in some persons is thought to accompany their peception pece of sounds. also Known as Color Audition.
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Color Line
a line of social distinction drawn between the white people and negroes in the United States.
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Colorado Beetle
a beetle first described by Thomas Say, in 1824, from specimens found by him near the Upper Missouri. He called it Doryphora decemlineata. The genus doryphora had been previously founded by Illiger. The genus is American, and is placed under the chrysomelide. The larva of the species distinguished as decemlineata feeds greedily on the potato, and having attracted notice in Colorado for its ravages among the crops of that esculent in the Territory, it moved eastward year by year, till in 1874 it had reached the Atlantic seaboard.
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Colorado College
a coeducational (non-sect.) institution in Colorado Springs, Col.; organized in 1874; reported at the end of 1919: Professors and instructors, 43; students, 592; president, Clyde A. Duniway, LL.D.
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Colorado River (One of the chief streams)
one of the chief streams of Texas. Rising in the high tablelands of Bexar, near the line of New Mexico, about lat. 32° 30′ N., and lon. 102° W., it flows S. E., receiving in its upper course the Conca, the San Sala, and the Lano on the S., and the Pecan from the N., and empties into Matagorda Bay. Austin, Bastrop, and Columbus are on its banks, and Matagorda near its mouth. For most of its course it flows through a fertile region and has an average width of 250 feet. It is a clear stream; its name, meaning red, was originally applied to the Brazos N. and E., but the two were interchanged. The Colorado is some 900 miles long, and navigable to Austin or farther.
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