Campeggio
CARDI- NAL LORENZO, an Italian clergyman; born in Bologna, in 1472. He studied law, and married early, taking holy orders after his wife's death. He was made Bishop of Feltri, and sent by Leo X. on a mission to the Emperor Maximilian, being created a cardinal in his absence (1517). Next year he visited England as papal legate to incite Henry VIII. against the Turks, and was well received. In 1524 he obtained the bishopric of Salisbury and the archbishopric of Bologna, and he presided the same year at the Ratisbon diet; in 1582 he was despatched to England to hear the famous divorce suit of Henry VIII. against Catharine of Aragon. Perplexed betwixt his own private instructions, pity and regard for the unhappy queen, the dubious counsels of Wolsey, and the imperious impatience of the King, and racked the while by the pains of a severe gout, the cardinal ended by displeasing all parties; and his final revoking of the cause to Rome led ultimately to the King's rupture with the papal court. He died in Rome, July 19,
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Camperdown
or CAMPERDUIN, sandy hills or downs on the coast of Holland, S. of the Helder, off which the British, under Admiral Duncan, gained a hard-won naval victory over the Dutch, under De Winter, Oct. 11, 1797.
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Campfire Girls of America
an organization for young girls founded in 1912. Its chief objects are the maintenance of health by wholesome outdoor life and exercise and the promotion of various forms of social welfare. During the World War the Campfire Girls gave service in various lines of activity, in cultivating war gardens, and making garments and bandages for the Red Cross. In the Liberty Loan campaigns they sold and subscribed for millions of dollars' worth of bonds, and were equally active in the sale and purchase of Thrift Stamps. They conserved food, cared for little children while the mothers were away at work, and contributed largely to the support of French and Belgian orphans. The membership in 1919 consist. ed of 7,384 camps and 100,747 members. The main body is in the United States, but there are branches in England, Scotland, Canada, South America, China, Africa, Japan, Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and the Philippines.
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Camphine
the commercial term for purified oil of turpentine, obtained by distilling the oil over quicklime to free it from resin. It is used in lamps, and gives a very brilliant light; but, to prevent smoking, the lamp must have a very strong draught. With oxygen it forms camphor.
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Campion
THOMAS, an English poet; born about 1570; was by profession a medical man. He wrote a volume of "Poems" (1595), being Latin elegies and epigrams. He published p (1610- (1610- 1612) four "Books of Air Airs," containing songs written by himself to airs of his own composition. He died in London, March 1, 1619.
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Campo-Formio
a town in Italy, 66 miles N. E. of Venice, famous for the treaty of peace between Austria and France, which was signed in its neighborhood on Oct. 17, 1797. Its chief provisions were that Austria should cede the Belgian provinces and Lombardy to France, receiving in compensation the Venetian states CANA (called by the natives Kefr- Cana; or Kana-el-Jelil), a town of Palestine, celebrated in Scripture as the scene of our Lord's first miracle, when he turned water into wine, is now a small village of a few hundred inhabitants, who are principally Greek Christians, or Nazarenes, situated about 13 miles W. of the Sea of Galilee, and 6 miles N. of Nazareth.
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Campobasso
formerly MOLISE, a province of Abruzzi, central Italy; is a very mountainous and sterile region; has comparatively little industry. There are some iron and steel manufactures; and grain, wine, and vegetables are produced. Capital, Campobasso (pop. about 16,000). Area, 1,691 square miles; pop. about 360,000.
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Campobello
an island in Passamaquoddy Bay, in Charlotte co., New Brunswick. It is noted as a summer resort. Though copper and lead ores exist, the inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the herring, mackerel, and cod fisheries. The island is 8 miles long. Pop. about 1,500.
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Camuz, Philippe
A Spanish writer of romances who lived in the sixteenth century. To him is attributed a life of Robert the Devil , La Vida de Roberto el Diablo, published at Seville in 1629.
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Can-hooks
This excellent device is improperly called "cant-hooks" in some localities. It consists of a double chain, rope, or bar-sling attached to a ring, with ends slightly hooked for gripping the underside of a flange or projecting lug. Very useful for taking a balanced lift where such practice is convenient. See SLINGS; CHAIN.
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Canaanites
THE, a word used in two senses: (1) For the tribe of the "Canaanites" only-the dwellers in the lowland. The whole of the country W. of Jordan was a "lowland" as compared with the loftier and more extended tracts on the E. (2) Applied as a general name to the non-Israelite inhabitants of the land. Like the Phoenicians, the Canaanites were probably given to commerce; and thus the name became probably in later times an occasional synonym for a merchant. Like almost all nations, the inhabitants of Canaan had legends that their These were considered aborigines, and appear to be of several races, as Anakim, Rephaim, Emim, Suzites, Zamsummim, Avim, and Horim. From earliest historical times, however, the inhabitants were of some incoming Semitic stock, variously named, and only hazily distinguishable now. At first they were sometimes all grouped as Amorites, but at a later date seven tribes were listed: Hittites, Canaanites, Amorites, Gergazites, Perizzites, Jebusites, and Hivites. When the Israelites displaced them these peoples were at an advanced stage of civilization. The Hittites founded an empire to the N., and much is now known about them. See HITTITES. Still later there were Canaanites alongside of or intermingled with the Hebrews. The Phœnicians were of Canaanitish origin, and occupied the coast plain to the N.; the Philistines, of the same general origin, on the coast to the S.
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Canada Balsam
a pale balsam, resin, or oleoresin, obtained by incision from a Canadian tree, the American silver-fir, sometimes called the Balm of Gilead fir (Abies balsamea). Canada balsam is of the consistence of thin honey, drying slowly by exposure to the air into a transparent adhesive varnish. It is used to mount objects for the microscope and for other optical purposes.
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