The Meta-Encyclopedia

Single-source entries: C (129)

These 13 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Condensed Milk, Condiments, Conduit.

Condensed Milk

milk reduced greatly in bulk and rendered proportionately denser. GAIL BORDEN (q. v.) in 1849 invented a process for the condensation of milk, which has since been carried out extensively in the United States and Europe.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Condiments

or seasoning agents, are employed at table to impart a flavor to food. The principal condiments are butter and olive oil, salt, mustard, ginger, pepper, vinegar, pickles, sugar, and honey.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Conduit

a line of pipes or an underground channel for the conveyance of water. A space for the reception of electric wires or cables.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Cone-Shells

or CONIDE, a family so called on account of their form. All the cones have a similar external outline; the aperture is long and narrow, the head of the living animal is more or less lengthened, the foot is splay and abruptly cut off in front, the tentacles are rather widely separate and the eyes are placed on these organs. The textile coneshells, brought from Mauritius, a handsome species 4 or 5 inches in length, are marked with narrow, angular lines of dark brown, variegated with dashes of yellow and irregular white spots. The Admiral cone-shell is similar in appearance but smaller, and both species haunt the fissures and holes in rocks and the warmer pools in coral reefs. They all take a moderate range of depth, varying from 1 to 40 fathoms.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Conessibark

the bark of Wrightia anti-dysenterica, an apocynaceous plant of India, used as a tonic, a febrifuge, and an astringent in diarrhea.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Confederation

ARTICLES OF, a form of constitution adopted by the Continental Congress of the United States in 1777 and ratified by the colonies in the next four years. It provided for a Congress of one house only, in which each State should have one vote. This body was empowered to declare war and peace, make treaties with foreign powers, regulate the value of coin, etc., but as it had no power to enforce its laws upon the States, it soon fell into contempt and on March 4, 1798, expired by limitation under the provisions of the present Constitution.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Confederation of the Rhine

the league of Germanic States formed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1806, and including Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden, Hesse- Darmstadt, the Kingdom of Westphalia, etc. It extended over 125,160 square miles, and comprised 14,608,877 inhabitants. The princes undertook to raise collectively a large body of troops in event of war, and established a diet at Frankfort; but the failure of Napoleon's Russian campaign of 1812 shook the structure, and the league soon after broke up. It was succeeded by a new league, the Germanic Confederation. See GER- MANY.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Conference

in diplomacy, a meeting of the representatives of different powers for the purpose of adjusting differences; also, an annual gathering of the ministers, now with a certain number of lay representatives of the several Methodist congregations, to deliberate upon the affairs of the religious denomination to which they belong; also a meeting not held at stated intervals, but arranged to adjust some difference which may exist betwen Churches or sections of Churches. Many conferences have taken place abroad between Churches or parties in Churches. Thus there were conferences between Lutherans and Roman Catholics at Ratisbon in A. D. 1601; one in 1685 between John Claude, of the French Reformed Church, and James Bénigne Bossuet, a Roman Catholic; and one at Thorn in 1645, with the view of reconciling the Lutherans and the Reformed Churches, but the conference to which the name is most frequently applied in England was that at Hampton Court. The Hampton Court conference was a conference between King James I. of England, immediately after his accession to the English throne, and the representatives of the Anglican and the Puritan parties in the Church, Church, which first met Jan. 14, 1604, and lasted three days.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Conferva

a genus of algals, the typical of the sub-order conferveæ and the order confervaceæ. Most of the are marine, though a few are species species freshwater. Rabenhorst describes 30 in all. CONFERVACEÆ, an order of flowerless plants, alliance algales. They are water-plants, generally green, but occasionally olive, violet, and red; most of them are found in fresh water, attached or floating, some in salt water, and a few in both. The confervaceæ bear the lichens cœnogonium and cystocoleus.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Confessional

in Roman Catholic churches and chapels, a kind of inclosed seat in which the priest sits to hear persons confess their sins.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Confiscation

the act of condemning as forfeited, and adjudging to the public treasury, the goods of a criminal in part punishment of a crime. The subject of confiscating the property of those in rebellion was warmly discussed both in and out of the United States Congress at the beginning of the Civil War. A bill "to confiscate property used for insurrectionary purposes," etc., approved Aug. 6, 1861, providing for the immediate confiscation of all property belonging to office-holders under the Confederate government, and confiscation within 60 days after the President's Amnesty ty Proclamation of all property belonging to disloyal citizens or privates in the Confederate army, was passed by the House July 11, 1862, and the Senate the next day; and after a slight modification, suggested by the president in his veto of the same, on constitutional grounds, it was again passed by both houses on the 16th, and approved, becoming a law the next day. On July 22, the president issued an order that property needed for the support of the armies of the United States should be seized. After the United States entered the World War a number of German and Austrian ships in American harbors were seized. A custodian was also appointed for alien enemy property for the period of the war. A presidential proclamation, March 20, 1918, confiscated 68 Dutch ships in United States ports under the law of augury. CONFLUENTES. See COBLENZ.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Conformable Strata

beds which lie parallel to each other, the accumulation of the upper strata having followed the deposition of the underlying beds without any break or prolonged interruption. Conformity thus points to a continuity of the same physical conditions.

Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia

Congelation

The transition of a liquid to a solid state in consequence of the abstraction of heat, or through the effect of pressure. Metals, oil, water, etc., congeal when they change from a fluid to the solid state. In the foundry, it is common to term these phenomena as "setting," "freezing."

Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding