Conning Tower
the place in modern battleships where the commander stands during a naval engagement, and from which he directs the movements of the ship and men. The conning tower is built over the foreward turret and is a circular chamber, scarcely 6 feet across and protected by walls of steel 12 inches thick. The roof is also of solid steel. Between the arched roof and the walls is a narrow slit from which the eye can sweep the whole horizon. The sharppointed bow of the boat is just below, and directly in front are the two big guns that protrude from the turret. Throughout the engagement the commander is invisible to his men, his voice alone being heard through the speaking tubes and telephone with which the turret is fitted. In its center are the steamsteering wheel, binnacle and compass, and by the directing hand of the commander, standing beside the compass, the battle is fought.
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Connolly
JAMES BRENDAN, an American writer, born in Boston, Mass. He was educated in the public schools and for a time served with the United States Engineer Corps. In 1896 he won the first Olympic championship of modern times. During the Spanish-American War he served with the 9th Massachusetts Infantry. He was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. His novels include "Out of Gloucester" (1902); "The Deep Sea's Toll" (1905); "The Trawler" (1914); "Running Free" (1917), and "The U-Boat Hunters" (1918).
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Conoid
in geometry, a surface generated by a straight line moving in such a manner that it constantly touches a curve and another straight line; similar to the cone, but having a straight line instead of a point for its appex.
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Conoidal
Having the form of a cone.
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Conoidal Chuck
A wire chuck which has a conoidal shape in lieu of the shoulder usually left on wire chucks for the bend in the lathe head. Fig. 72 illus-Fig. 71. trates the usual form of conoidal chucks.
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Conrad
JOSEPH an English novelist, of Polish birth and ancestry, born in 1856. His full name was Joseph Conrad Korzeniowski. When his father died, JOSEPH CONRAD young Conrad, then a boy of 13, wandered from Poland to Marseilles, France, where he joined a French vessel and rose to be a captain in the merchant service. Later he held an office on an English ship and late in life learned the English language. With this handicap he yet learned to write novels in clear idiomatic English and became one of the foremost modern English novelists. He is at his his portrayal of the life of the his best in sailors in the southeastern seas, his studies of the contact of the western European with the Oriental mind being extremely subtle and interesting. His most successful novels are "Gales of Unrest" (1898) and "Lord Jim" (1900), both stories of sailor life in the East. Among his other works are "Typhoon" (1902); "The Mirror of the Sea" (1906); "Point of Honor" (1908); "Twixt Land and Sea" (New York, 1913); "Victory" (1917).
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Conradin
the son of Conrad IV., Duke of Suabia, and the last of the house of Hohenstauffen; born in 1252. As the greatest part of the possessions of his family had been swept away, Conradin accepted the invitation of the Italian Ghibellines to place himself at their head. He crossed the Alps with 10,000 men; was well received at Verona, and, notwithstanding the treason of his relatives, Meinhard and Louis of Bavaria, who left him with but 3,000 men, he entered south Italy. Charles d'Anjou, on whom the crown of Naples had been bestowed by Pope Urban IV., met Conradin at Tagliacozzo, defeated him, and caused him to be beheaded, in 1268.
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Consanguinity
the quality or state of being related by blood; nearness of kin; descent from a common ancestor. Consanguinity is of two kinds, lineal and collateral. Lineal subsists among persons who descend in what may be called a straight line from a common ancestor; thus grandfather, father, son, grandson, great-grandson have lineal consanguinity. Collateral consanguinity is when there is descent from a common ancestor, but not in a direct line; as grandfather, father, his brother, son of the first, etc. Here the line is not direct.
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Consciousness
the state of being conscious; knowledge or perception of what passes in one's own mind. Internal sense or knowledge of guilt or innocence. Consciousness is the recognition by the mind of its own acts.
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Conscription
the enlisting of the inhabitants of a country capable of bearing arms, by a compulsory levy, at the pleasure of the government, being thus distinguished from recruiting, or voluntary enlistment. The word and the system were both introduced into France in 1798 by a law which declared that every Frenchman was a soldier, and bound to defend the country when in danger. On the restoration of the Bourbons conscription was abolished. It was, however, re-enacted, and continued through the Second Empire to form the mode of recruitment in France. An army-bill, by the passed National Assembly in 1872, affirmed the universal liability to conscription, but allowed certain exceptions and postponements. The term of service was fixed at 5 years in the active army, 4 years in the reserve of the active army, 5 years in the territorial army, and 6 years in its reserve the total length of military service being thus 20 years. Universal liability to military service is the law in Italy, and was in Germany and Austria, until abolished in these two countries by the Peace Treaty of 1919 following the World War. Under the Empire the Russian army was raised by conscription, all men who completed their 21st year being liable. Great Britain and the United States began conscription in 1916 and 1917, respectively, of the World War (1914-1918).
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Consecration
the act of solemnly dedicating a person or thing to the service of God. In the Jewish law, rites of this nature are frequently enjoined, the Levites and priests, the tabernacle and altar, etc., being specially dedicated or consecrated to God. Among Christians the word consecration describes the ordination of bishops. The Nicene Council requires the ceremony to be performed by not less than three bishops. This rule is maintained by the Church of England. Among Roman Catholics the Pope may permit Consecration by one bishop and two priests. The hallowing of the elements in the eucharist, by the words of institution according to Roman Catholics and Anglicans; by the invocation of the Holy Spirit according to the Greeks. The dedication of churches. The rites have become long and elaborate in the Church of Rome. In the English Church the bishop chooses his own form. That most generally used was drawn up by the Anglican episcopate in 1712. In the Amer ican Episcopal Church a form was appointed in 1799. The benediction of abbots and abbesses according to forms prescribed in the Roman Pontifical. It is usually performed by a bishop. The consecration of altars, chalices, and patens by the bishop with the chrism or hallowed oil. The consecration of altars is mentioned by councils of the 6th century, that of chalices and patens in the Gregorian Sacramentary.
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