Converse
FREDERICK SHEP- HERD, an American composer, born in Newton, Mass., in 1871. He graduated from Harvard University in 1893. After studying music in Munich, he became instructor of harmony at the New England Conservatory of Music. From 1904 to 1907 he was assistant professor of He commusic at Harvard University. posed many songs and other musical works, including "The Pipe of Desire," an opera; "Job," an opera; and many cantatas, tone poems, and other musical work. He was one of the best known of American composers. 1
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Converse (FLORENCE an American writer)
FLORENCE, an American writer, born in New Orleans in 1871. She graduated from Wellesley College in 1893. From 1908 she was a member of the staff of the "Atlantic Monthly." Her novels include "The Burden of Christopher" (1900); "The House of Prayer" (1908); "The Children of Light" (1912). She also wrote "The Story of Wellesley" (1915) and "The Blessed Birthday," a play (1917).
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Conversion
A term in watchmaking signifying that a change of escapement is made, as a movement originally having a duplex escapement is changed to a lever escapement.
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Convex
Rising or swelling into a rounded body. The reverse of concave.
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Convexo-Concave
Convex on one side and concave on the other.
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Convexo-Convex
Convex on both sides.
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Conveyers
Conveying machinery is now to be found in successful operation in mills, mines, breweries, packing-houses, sugar refineries, coal-yards, boat-landings, brick, tile, and stone yards, in some machine-shops, but in very few foundries. The increasing demand for moulding machinery has made it absolutely necessary that some form of conveyer be used in the foundry, not only to carry the enormous quantity of sand used to the moulders, but to carry it hence from off the foundry floor to be tempered and screened for use, and by this means utilize the space for moulds that would otherwise be required for storing and mixing sand. The endless open-trough conveyer, made of roller carrier chain, or some of the many forms of spiral conveyers, are eminently adapted for this purpose.
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Convict
. See Penitentiary
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Convict Labor
the employment of convicts in the production of useful commodities as a means of lessening the the cost of prison administration and for moral betterment of the convicts. This has been accomplished through various systems, the first of which, in point of time, is the "lease system," still employed in many Southern States. Here over to priconvicts are directly turned vate contractors or employers, and practically the whole responsibility devolves been the on them. Many abuses have result, convicts being often retained in slavery long after a condition of chattel the expiration of their terms, in many cases imposed on them for trivial ofis now universally fenses. This system condemned and is fast going out of practice. Instead the "public account" system is being adopted by an ever-growing number of States. Here the labor is State premises and the performed on prison authorities are in full control. In the commodities mansome of the States ufactured are sold on the open, competitive market. This method has aroused labor. In other States only such commodities are manufactured which can be used in other departments of the Govespecially favored ernment. This plan is by the national Commission on Prisons and Prison Labor. In several States, as in New Jersey, the convicts are paid regular wages, which they may collect terms. In at the expiration of their 1920, however, no employment was given prisoners in 29 States.
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Convocation
an assembly of the clergy. Specifically the name given to either of two such gatherings, the one termed the Convocation of Canterbury, or simply Convocation, the other the Convocation of York. In theory the Church of England is governed by means of the convocations of its bishops and clergy. Each of the two ecclesiastical provinces of Canterbury and York has its Convocation consisting of two houses, the upper composed of Bishops presided over by the Archbishop, and the lower being made up of the deans of Cathedrals, archdeacons, and proctors elected from the Cathedral chapters, with two additional proctors elected by clergy at large in the province of Canterbury and by the archdeacons in the province of York. The life of the Convocation is coincident with that of Parliament.
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Convoy
a fleet of merchantmen under the protection of a ship or ships of war, or the ship or ships appointed to conduct and defend them from attack and capture by an enemy. In military language it is used for escort. Convoys were largely employed by the Allies in moving troop ships in the World War (1914-1918), as they supplied the best protection against submarine attacks. The transport of United States troops to Europe in 1917-1918 was under convoy, and not a ship was lost.
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Conway
MONCURE DANIEL, an American author; born in Stafford county, Va., March 17, 1832. He was graduated at Dickinson College in 1849 and at the Harvard Divinity School in 1854, affiliating first with the Methodists and later with the Unitarians. From 1863 to 1884 he was minister at South Place Chapel, in London. He has written lives of Thomas Paine, Edmund Randolph, Hawthorne, and Thomas Carlisle, and also "Emerson at Home and Abroad," " Demonology and Devil Lore," etc. He died Nov. 16, 1907.
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Conway (II)
SIR WILLIAM MARTIN, an English explorer; born in Rochester in 1865. He was educated at Cambridge and was made Professor of Art at University College, Liverpool , soon after his graduation. In 1889 he explored Egypt; in 1892 the Himalayas ; in 1894 the Alps; in 1898 the western slope of the Andes; and in 1900 the eastern slope of the Andes. He has published "Early Flemish Artists," "The Alps from End to End," "Climbing and Exploration in the Bolivian Andes," etc. He also wrote "Great Masters" (1904); "No Man's Land" (1906); "The Crowd, in Peace and War" (1915).
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Conwell
RUSSELL HERMAN, a Baptist clergyman and educator. He was born at Worthington , Mass., in 1843 and graduated from the Yale Law School in 1860. From 1862 to 1865 he served in the Union armies in the Civil War, after which he practiced law at Minneapolis. From 1869 to 1871 he was the foreign correspondent of the New York "Tribune" and the Boston "Traveler." Returning from abroad he practiced law in Boston until 1879. In that year he was ordained a Baptist minister and two years later was called to Grace Church, Philadelphia . Dr. Conwell founded and became president of Temple University, Philadelphia , and was the author of a number of books on religious and moral subjects .
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