Culiacan
capital of the State of Sinaloa, Mexico, on the river of the same name, about 49 miles from the Pacific Ocean. A wide plain surrounds it, it, and the city itself has notable buildings, including a cathedral, mint, and ecclesiastical college, and several handsome plazas. Tobacco is grown in the vicinity, and the other industries include textiles and coffee. It is an important commercial center, and the river navigation is steadily increasing. The foundation dates back to the 16th century, when the city was known as San Miguel. Pop. about 15,000.
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Culloden
kul-lo'den, a battlefield in the Highlands of Scotland, four miles east of Inverness. Here, April 27, 1746, Charles the Pretender and his Highland adherents made the last stand of the Stuarts. They were scattered to the four winds by the English Duke of Cumberland. Charles lay in hiding for weeks until he had opportunity to escape to France. He made no further attempt to secure the British crown. For the Highlanders the day was one of disaster. Hundreds of their fighting men lay slain on the heath, and the coronach or wail for the dead was heard in every glen and mountain fastness. A monumental cairn marks the spot where the thick of the battle fell. See Scotland ; Stuarts
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Culloden Moor
a heath in Scotland, 4 miles E. of Inverness, celebrated for the victory obtained April 27, 1746, by the Duke of Cumberland over Prince Charles Edward Stuart (the Pretender) and his adherents. The battle was the last fought on British soil, and the termination of the attempts of the Stuart family to recover the throne of England.
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Cullom
SHELBY MOORE, an American public official; born in Kentucky in 1829. When he was a year old his family moved to Illinois, where he was educated at Rock River Seminary, Mt. Morris, III. In 1853, he moved to Springfield, Ill., to study law and resided there until his death. Until 1865 he continued to practice law, serving for some few years as a State Legislator. From 1865-1871 he was a member of Congress and served on important committees of that body. Taking a prominent part in the councils of the Republican party, he was nominated and elected governor of Illinois in 1876. In 1883 he was elected United States Senator, and held that position for over thirty years. For years he held the important post of chairman of the Interstate Commerce Committee. Almost his last work in the Senate was to secure the appropriations for the Lincoln Memorial, a project in which he was deeply interested. He died in 1914.
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Cullum
GEORGE WASHINGTON, an American military officer; born in New York City, Feb. 25, 1809; graduated from West Point in 1833; and was engaged for the next 28 years in engineering labors and in instructing at West Point on practical military engineering. During the Civil War he was chief of staff to the general-in-chief from November, 1861, to September, r, 1864, and superintendent of the military academy from September, 1804, to August, 1866. From that time he was a member of the Board of Engineers for Fortifications, until he was placed on the retired list in 1874. At the time of his retirement he was colonel and brevet Major-General in the regular army. Besides numerous military memoirs and reports, he pubwith Indialished "Military Bridges Register of rubber Pontoons," (1849); " Academy Officers of the U. S. Military translafrom 1802 to 1850" (1850); a tion of Duparc's "Elements of Military , etc. Art and History," with Notes the (1863); a "Biographical Register of S. Mili- Officers and Graduates of the U. edition tary Academy" (1868) (revised , of 1812 1879); "Campaigns ; paigns of the War ); and contributed a Criticised" (1880 number of articles to Johnson's "Univer- He died sal Cyclopædia" (1874-1877). 1892, bein New York City, Feb. 28, erection of queathing $250,000 for the a Memorial Hall on the grounds of the military academy, and $40,000 for furnishing it with military busts, paintings, and other appropriate objects.
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Cumaean Sibyl
. See Sibyl
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Cumberland Island
a peninsula (so-called), of Baffin Land, extending into Davis Strait.
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Cumberland Mountains
in Tennessee, part of a range of the Appalachian system, rarely exceeding 2,000 feet in height.
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Cumberland Presbyterians
a religious denomination which sprang up in 1810 in the State of Kentucky, in consequence of a dispute between the presbytery of Cumberland in that State, and the Kentucky Synod of the Presbyterian Church in America, concerning the ordination of persons who had not passed through the usual educational curriculum, but whose services the presbytery regarded as demanded for the ministry by the exigencies of the time. In 1916 the church had 1,317 organizations with 72,056 members; 969 Sunday Schools with 6,618 teachers, and 53,431 pupils. Their form of government is Presbyterian, though they have added a system of itinerating like the Methodists. In doctrine they approach Arminianism, denying unconditional election and predestination, and they believe in the universality of the atonement.
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Cumberland Road
a great national highway. It was projected in 1806 in Jefferson's administration on the model of the great Roman roads. It was intended at first to run from Baltimore to the Ohio and was afterward extended. Between 1806 and 1840 the general government expended nearly $7,000,000 in laying out, grading, building bridges, and macadamizing. The road ran from Baltimore westward through Fredericksburg, Cumberland, and Wheeling; through Ohio to Vandalia, Indiana-800 miles in all-where further construction was abandoned as unnecessary on account of the building of railways. The various portions of the road have been surrendered by the general government to the counties through which it passes. Though now almost forgotten, the Cumberland road was one of the most famous stage roads the world has ever seen. A ride on the top of a coach, bowling swiftly through the mountains of western Maryland and what is now West Virginia , is described by travelers as a trip not easily forgotten. See Road
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Cumberland University
a coeducational institution in Lebanon, Tenn.; organized in 1842, under the auspices of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church; reported at the end of 1919: Professors and instructors, 21; students, 225; number of graduates, 4,386; president, Andrew B. Buchanan.
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