Countrsink
To enlarge the outer end of a hole for the reception of the head of a screw, bolt, etc. A tool used to turn out or countersink. Figs. 100 and 101 illustrate Happersberger's patent, flat-bottomed countersinks, which are designed for making or deepening flat-bottomed countersinks for screw heads of any kind. The screw-thread or hole will not be injured in using these tools. Fig. 102 illustrates a set of wheel countersinks made with cutters on one end and burnishers on the other. Countersinks are also made from steel in the form of drills and from emery in the form of a cone, with metal handle for revolving. The emery countersink will be found very useful for large holes and for trimming the edges of holes in enamel dials.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Counts of Hell
Demons of a superior order in the infernal hierarchy, who command numerous legions. They may be evoked at all hours of the day, provided the evocation takes place in a wild, unfrequented spot. Courier de l'Europe : (See Cagliostro ).
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
County
a county or subdivision of a state for purposes of administration, COUPÉ called in some states a parish or a shire; or, more specifically, the Roman name of what in Saxon times had been called a shire. In Saxon times, one created an earl received a shire to govern. When the Normans took possession of the land these Saxon earls were displaced by noblemen of similar rank who had come across with the Conqueror, and who from being his companions were called comites. These each ruled shire a (comitatus), and from the Latin designation comitatus the English word county ultimately came. In most of the United States the counties, to a great extent, preserve an autonomy, each being provided with its own sheriff, coroner, judiciary, and inferior legislative body (for purposes of local enactment), generally styled commissioners. Each county is charged with the support of its own paupers, with the maintenance of good roads, etc., and for local election purposes, usually constitutes an independent constituency. COUPÉ (kö-pā'), a four-wheeled carriage carrying two inside, with a seat for the driver outside.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Coupon
a warrant or certificate for the periodical payment of interest on bonds issued for any term of years. The interest being payable in different cases quarterly, half-yearly, or yearly, as many coupons are attached to each bond as represent the total number of such payments as are to be made, with the date of payment printed on each.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Courbet
GUSTAVE (kör-bā'), a French painter; born in Ornans, Franche- Comté, June 10, 1819. In 1839 he was sent to study law in Paris, but turned toward art. In 1841 he took to landscape work, painting in the forest of Fontainebleau. In 1844 he began to exihibit at the Salon; and his works created a great sensation when shown in the Salon of 1850. His hunting scenes and animal subjects are especially vigorous and spirited. In 1869 he accepted the Cross of the Order of St. Michael from the King of Bavaria, and after the revolution of 1870 he was appointed Director of the Fine Arts. In the following year he joined the Commune, and was concerned in the destruction of the Vendôme Column (May 16), for which, in the following September, he was sentenced to six months' imprisonment, and to be fined for its restoration, his pictures being sold in 1877 toward that purpose. On his release he retired to Vevey, in Switzerland, where he died, Dec. 31, 1877.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Courland
or KURLAND, a former Russian government, and one of what, under the Empire, were called the Baltic provinces. It was formerly an independent duchy-properly, indeed, consisting of two duchies, Courland and Semgallen-and belonged, along with Livonia, to the Teutonic Knights. The difficulty of resisting the Russians led to the acknowledgment in 1561 of the feudal sovereignty of Poland. The country was long distracted by the contentions of two parties, one Russian and the other Polish; and was finally united to Russia in 1795. Biron was made Duke of Courland in 1737. It contains about 10,480 square miles; population about 812,000, mostly Protestants. It is generally a level country, with ranges of low hills, and contains many lakes, bogs, forests, and sanddunes, but some parts have a very fertile soil. Cattle-breeding is on the increase; game abounds; and bears, boars, elks, and wolves are met with occasionally. The proprietors of land are mostly German; the peasantry, of Lettish extraction, are chiefly engaged in husbandry. There is little manufacturing industry. The capital is Mitau (pop. 47,000), the most flourising town is Libau (pop. about 90,000). In the World War (1914-1918) the Germans occupied it as a base for their attacks on Riga. In November, 1918, Courland, together with certain parts of the former Russian provinces of Livonia and Vitebsk, was formed into an independent state under the name of LATVIA (q. v.).
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Course
A row or layer of bricks in a loam-mould is termed a course of brick. A binding-course is one row of bricks set end in, to rest on the inner and outer course. Crossing the course means to break the joints by setting the succeeding courses so that each brick shall be equally divided upon the two bricks upon which it is laid. Very strong moulds may be built by a strict observance of this rule, often rendering it unnecessary to make binding-plates. See BINDING-PLATES; LOAM-MOULDING.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
Court Fool
a person maintained by a monarch at court to pass away the time with jests and sharp sayings. Alexander the Great and others of the ancients are said to have maintained jesters. During the Middle Ages the fool was a regular attendant of monarchs and the nobility. His traditional dress was distinguished by mock emblems of royalty. He carried a fool's scepter in his hand, and, in place of a crown, wore a fool's cap of gay colors, ornamented frequently with jingling bells and a pair of ass's ears. He also wore a broad collar, not infrequently wide enough to serve as a cape. His lower person was clad in hose, with long, upturned toes. The fool was often a person of unusual shrewdness, who, by standing at his master's elbow, was able to help him out of many a hard scrape. If he thought his master about to part with money too readily, he would be able to suggest that a fool and his money were soon parted. Not infrequently the fool was really a controlling mind in matters of great importance. He was supposed to have very little mind, but to speak it freely on all occasions without danger of reprimand or punishment. Wamba of Scott's Ivanhoe is an interesting character of this sort.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia