Cuirass
a breastplate; a covering for denotes, of leather, also of quilted linen, cloth, etc. The cuirass of plate-armor succeeded the hauberk, hacqueton, etc., of mail, about the reign of Edward III.; and from that period the surcoat, jupon, etc., which were usually worn over the coat of mail, began to be laid aside. From that time too the cuirass or breastplate continued to be worn, and was the last piece of defensive armor laid aside in actual warfare. There were cuirassiers in the English civil wars, and in the French service nearly to the end of the 17th century; after this period, the cuirass was generally laid aside, until it was again employed by some of Napoleon's regiments, and it is now, in most European services, worn by some regiments of heavy cavalry.
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Culberson
CHARLES ALLEN, defeated for renomination to the U. S, Senate, 1922.
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Culberson
CHARLES ALLEN, an American public official; born at Dadeville, Tallapoosa co., Ala., June 10, 1855. He was graduated at the University of Virginia, and was admitted to the bar in His ability as a lawyer was soon recognized, and in 1880 he was elected County Attorney of Marion co., Tex. After his removal to Dallas he was elected Attorney-General of the State in 1890, and re-elected two years later. In 1894, and again in 1896, he was triumphantly chosen Governor. At the Democratic National Conventions of 1896 and 1904, he served as chairman of the Texas delegation. In 1899 he succeeded Roger Q. Mills as United States Senator, and was re-elected in 1904, 1910, and 1916.
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Culdees
a religious order which at an early period had establishments in many parts of Great Britain and Ireland, but are especially spoken of in Scotland. The name is of uncertain etymology; but is probably from Celtic words meaning "attendant of God." It first appears in the 8th century, and the Culdees distinctively so called seem to have been anchorites living under their own abbots, and for long remaining independent of Rome. Otherwise archæologists have discovered no essential point either of faith, ritual, or constitution in which they differed from the other clergy of the Western Church.
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Culiacan
capital of the State of Sinaloa, Mexico, on the river of the same name, about 49 miles from the Pacific Ocean. A wide plain surrounds it, it, and the city itself has notable buildings, including a cathedral, mint, and ecclesiastical college, and several handsome plazas. Tobacco is grown in the vicinity, and the other industries include textiles and coffee. It is an important commercial center, and the river navigation is steadily increasing. The foundation dates back to the 16th century, when the city was known as San Miguel. Pop. about 15,000.
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Culloden
kul-lo'den, a battlefield in the Highlands of Scotland, four miles east of Inverness. Here, April 27, 1746, Charles the Pretender and his Highland adherents made the last stand of the Stuarts. They were scattered to the four winds by the English Duke of Cumberland. Charles lay in hiding for weeks until he had opportunity to escape to France. He made no further attempt to secure the British crown. For the Highlanders the day was one of disaster. Hundreds of their fighting men lay slain on the heath, and the coronach or wail for the dead was heard in every glen and mountain fastness. A monumental cairn marks the spot where the thick of the battle fell. See Scotland ; Stuarts
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Culloden Moor
a heath in Scotland, 4 miles E. of Inverness, celebrated for the victory obtained April 27, 1746, by the Duke of Cumberland over Prince Charles Edward Stuart (the Pretender) and his adherents. The battle was the last fought on British soil, and the termination of the attempts of the Stuart family to recover the throne of England.
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Cullom
SHELBY MOORE, an American public official; born in Kentucky in 1829. When he was a year old his family moved to Illinois, where he was educated at Rock River Seminary, Mt. Morris, III. In 1853, he moved to Springfield, Ill., to study law and resided there until his death. Until 1865 he continued to practice law, serving for some few years as a State Legislator. From 1865-1871 he was a member of Congress and served on important committees of that body. Taking a prominent part in the councils of the Republican party, he was nominated and elected governor of Illinois in 1876. In 1883 he was elected United States Senator, and held that position for over thirty years. For years he held the important post of chairman of the Interstate Commerce Committee. Almost his last work in the Senate was to secure the appropriations for the Lincoln Memorial, a project in which he was deeply interested. He died in 1914.
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Cullum
GEORGE WASHINGTON, an American military officer; born in New York City, Feb. 25, 1809; graduated from West Point in 1833; and was engaged for the next 28 years in engineering labors and in instructing at West Point on practical military engineering. During the Civil War he was chief of staff to the general-in-chief from November, 1861, to September, r, 1864, and superintendent of the military academy from September, 1804, to August, 1866. From that time he was a member of the Board of Engineers for Fortifications, until he was placed on the retired list in 1874. At the time of his retirement he was colonel and brevet Major-General in the regular army. Besides numerous military memoirs and reports, he pubwith Indialished "Military Bridges Register of rubber Pontoons," (1849); " Academy Officers of the U. S. Military translafrom 1802 to 1850" (1850); a tion of Duparc's "Elements of Military , etc. Art and History," with Notes the (1863); a "Biographical Register of S. Mili- Officers and Graduates of the U. edition tary Academy" (1868) (revised , of 1812 1879); "Campaigns ; paigns of the War ); and contributed a Criticised" (1880 number of articles to Johnson's "Univer- He died sal Cyclopædia" (1874-1877). 1892, bein New York City, Feb. 28, erection of queathing $250,000 for the a Memorial Hall on the grounds of the military academy, and $40,000 for furnishing it with military busts, paintings, and other appropriate objects.
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