Cummins
ALBERT BAIRD, an American public official; born in 1850 in Pennsylvania. He was educated at Waynesburg College and from 1875 to 1878 practice practiced law in Chicago. Some years later he moved to Des Moines, Ia., and in 1902 was elected Governor of the State. On the death of Senator Allison, Governor Cummins was selected to fill out the unexpired term and in 1909 was elected to the Senate for the term 1909- 1915. Re-elected in the latter year, he was again nominated and elected by the Republicans of his State for the term 1921-1927. Senator Cummins was much in sympathy with the principles of the Progressive party of 1912, and while he did not withdraw from the Republican party in that year as did many of his fellow-progressives, he withheld his support from Taft. He is an acknowledged authority on the railroads and wrote the ALBERT BAIRD CUMMINS main provisions of the Cummins-Esch Railroad Act of 1920.
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Cumulative Voting
a system of voting at elections by which the voter is allowed to cast as many votes as there are candidates for a given office, distributing his votes or giving all of them to a single candidate. It is claimed that the proportional result is a more faithful reflex of the will of a community than the majority method.
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Cunard
SIR SAMUEL, founder of an English steamship line; born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where his father, a Philadelphia merchant, had settled, Nov. 21, 1787. Becoming early a successful merchant and shipowner, he went to England in 1838, joined with George Burns, Glasgow, and David M'Iver, Liverpool, in founding (1839) the British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, and obtained a contract from the British Government for the mail service between Liverpool and Halifax, Boston, and Quebec. The first passage was that of the "Britannia" in 1840, the time occupied being 14 days 8 hours. Iron steamers were first used in 1855, and paddle-wheels gave way entirely to the screw after 1862. From its small but successful beginning, Cunard's undertaking soon developed into one of the vastest of private commercial concerns . In 1878 it was made into a joint stock company. Created a baronet in 1859, he died in London, April 28, 1865. or
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Cunliffe
WALTER, BARON, a British financier, born in 1855, and educated at Harrow and Trinity College, 6
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Cunningham (ALLAN a Scotch poet)
ALLAN, a Scotch poet and miscellaneous writer; born in Keir, Dumfriesshire, Dec. 7, 1784. When a youth he served as an apprentice to a stone-mason; but later became a reporter in London, and wrote "Sir Marmaduke Maxwell," a dramatic poem, and "Lord Roldan" and "Paul Jones," romances. His "Critical History of the Literature of the Last Fifty Years," and other books, prompted Sir Walter Scott to call him a genius. He died in London, Oct. 30, 1842.
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Cunningham (WILLIAM a Scotch theologian)
WILLIAM, a Scotch theologian; born in Hamilton, in 1805; ordained minister at Greenock in educated at Duns and Edinburgh ; and He was called to Trinity College Church, Edinburgh, in 1834, and soon became one of the foremost leaders, alike on the platform and in the pamphlet, on the "Nonintrusionist" side in the great controversy that preceded the Disruption of 1843. He was appointed Professor of Theology in the Free Church College in 1843, of Church History in 1845, and its principal on Chalmers's death in 1847. His D. D. degree was given him by Princeton in 1842. He was moderator of the Free Assembly in 1859, when he received a testimonial amounting to over $35,000. He died in Edinburgh in 1861.
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Cupido
Known to the Greeks as Eros . God of love, son of Jupiter and Venus , is represented as a winged boy, naked, armed with a bow and arrows. On gems and ornaments he is represented generally as amusing himself with some childish diversion. Cupid, like the rest of the gods, assumed different shapes, and we find him in the Aeneid putting on, at the request of his mother, the form of Ascanius , and going to Dido 's court, where he inspired the queen with love. Curtius, M. A Roman who devoted himself to the service of his country, about B. c. 360, by leaping, on horseback and fully armed, into a huge gap in the earth at the command of the oracle. Curtius Rufus, Q. The Roman historian of Alexander the Great, whose date is uncertain. His history of Alexander consisted of ten books, but the first two are lost, and the remaining eight are not without considerable gaps. It is written in a pleasing though somewhat declamatory style.
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Cupping
a surgical operation consisting in the application of the cuppingglass in cases where it is desirable to abstract blood from, or draw it to, a particular part. When blood is removed the operation is simply termed cupping; :; when no blood is abstracted, it is drycupping. The cupping-glass, a cupshaped glass vessel, is first held over the flame of a spirit-lamp, by which means the included air is rarefied. In this state it is applied to the skin, and as the heated air cools it contracts and produces a partial vacuum, so that the skin and integuments are drawn up slightly into the glass and become swollen. If blood is to be drawn, a scarificator or spring-lancet is generally used.
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Cuprite
CUPROUS OXIDE, CU₂O, found either as a red earth, or as brilliant, transparent crystals of a ruby-red color, specific gravity, 6.0. It contains 88.8 per cent. copper, and is widely distributed, occurring in many parts of the United States. A crystalline variety is known as chalcotrichite, while tile-ore is the name given to one of the earthy varieties. CUPULIFERÆ, diclinous exogens, so called from possessing a cupule which takes the form of a bony or coriaceous one-celled nut, more or less inclosed in an involucre.
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Curassow
the name given to a large gallinaceous bird, Crax alector, more fully denominated in English the crested The upper parts are deep curassow. black, with a glow of green on various parts; the lower parts dull white, a color found also on the lower tail coverts. The curassow is found in flocks in the forests of Mexico, Guiana, and Brazil.
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