Cyrus (Surnamed THE YOUNGER was son)
surnamed THE YOUNGER, was son of Darius II., King of Persia, and Parysatis. In 407 B. c. he was made governor of the western provinces of Asia Minor. He was of ambitious temper, and was sentenced to death for plotting against his brother Artaxerxes on his accession to the throne, but was pardoned. ned. Still determined to be king himself, he raised an army, including a large body of Greek mercenaries, crossed the Taurus, marched down the Euphrates, and at Cunaxa encountered the army of his brother, when he was defeated and slain, 401 b. c. Xenophon, who had served as a volunteer among the Greeks, conducted their retreat, and wrote an account of the expedition.
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Cyrus (Younger The son of Darius)
2026 Editor's Note: This page uses language about other peoples, religions, or nationalities that was commonplace when the book was published and is offensive by today's standards. The text has been left exactly as it was printed, rather than cut or softened, so that the historical record — including how ordinary such language once was — is preserved. (Ed: ET 2026-07-22) See page 63. The Younger. The son of Darius Nothus and the brother of Artaxerxes, the latter succeeding to the throne at the death of Nothus. Cyrus was appointed to the command of Lydia and the sea-coasts, where he fomented rebellion and levied troops under various pretenses. At length he took the field with an army of 100,000 Barbarians and 13,000 Greeks under the command of Clearchus . Artaxerxes met him with 900,000 men near Cunaxa. The engagement ended See page 63. Calliope. fatally for Cyrus, who was killed, в. c. 401.
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Cyst
a word sometimes used in the original sense as applied to hollow organs with thin walls, as the urinary bladder and gall-bladder; but commonly reserved for the designation of pathological structures or new formations within the body having the bladder form. Cysts may arise in two different ways: (1) either by the accumulation of products within cavities normally present, or (2) by the independent formation of a cavity. Of the first, wens, collections of secretion in a sebaceous gland of the skin, are the common 'st example; instances of the second are cystic tumors of the ovary, and the sacs developed in connection with certain parasites. They are either simple or compound, unilocular or multilocular; they are sometimes small; in other cases they grow to an enormous size, and are very complex.
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Cystitis
inflammation of the bladder.
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Cystoidea
an order of extinct echinoderms. They are spherodial animals. They have a mouth above; the arms are rudimentary. Von Buch first elucidated their structure and affinities at Berlin in 1845, and gave them the name of cystideæ in place of sphæronites; their original appellation. Now cystideæ has become cystoidea. They range from Upper Cambrian to the Silurian, being especially prominent in the Bala Limestone.
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Cythere
a genus of entomostraca, order Ostracoda, family cytheride. The eye is single, the inferior antennæ setigerous, but without a tuft or pencil of tiny filaments; three pair pairs of feet inclosed within the shell. No heart present. CYTHEREA (from Cytherea, a name for Venus, so called because she is said to have sprung from the foam of the sea near Cythera, now Cerigo, an island on the S. E. of the Morea), a genus of conchiferous mollusks belonging to the family veneridæ. The shell is like that of the genus Venus. The cythereas are in all seas; 176 recent species are known, and 200 fossil, the latter ranging from the Oölite till now.
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Cytheride
a family of entomostracous crustaceans, of which cythere is the type.
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Cytheron
a shepherd of Bœotia, changed by Jupiter into a mountain near Thebes.
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Cytisus
a genus of plants belonging to the natural order Legumisosæ, sub-order Papilionaceæ. The members of the genus are shrubs or small trees, sometimes spiny, with leaves composed of three leaflets, and with yellow, purple, or white flowers. They belong to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and are very ornamental plants. The best known species is the common laburnum (C. Laburnum; see LABUR- NUM). Another species is the Alpine laburnum (C. alpinus). The common broom (C. Scoparius) also belongs to this genus.
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Czarevna
the title of the wife of the former czarowitz.
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Czarewitch
the title of the oldest son of the former Emperor of Russia.
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Czarina
formerly the wife of an Emperor of Russia.
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Czenmak
JOHN NEPUMUK, a German physiologist and physician; born in Prague, June 17, 1828; Professor of Physiology at Jena. He was the inventor and introducer of the laryngoscope and rhinoscope, and of a new method for the therapeutical and surgical treatment of diseases of the epiglottis and throat. His work on the laryngoscope has been translated and published in several languages. He died Sept. 16, 1873.
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Czernin Von Chudenitz
COUNT OTTOKAR, Austrian statesman, was Austro-Hungarian ambassador to Rumania in 1914, when the World War broke out, and for some time after. The entry of Italy into the war on the side of the Allies having discredited Burian, the Foreign Minister, who had carried on the negotiations with Italy, he was forced to resign, Dec. 23, 1916, whereupon Count Czernin was appointed to his place. Czernin represented Austria- Hungary in the negotiations with Bolshevist Russia, preceding preceding the Brest- Litovsk Treat Treaty. He resigned on April 15, 1918, being involved in the scandal resulting from a letter written by the Emperor himself to his brother-in-law, Prince Sixtus of Bourbon, through whom it was proposed to effect a peace with the Allies at Germany's cost.
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Czernowitz
the capital of the former Austrian province of Bukowina; stands 720 feet above sea-level, near the right bank of the Pruth, 165 miles S. E. of Lemberg. Among its buildings are the palace of a Greek archbishop (1875); his cathedral (1864), on the model of St. Isaac's at St. Petersburg; the Armenian church (1875); the synagogue (1877); and the "Austria Monument" (1875). The university here was founded in 1875. The manufactures and trade previous to the World War, during which the town and its vicinity saw much severe fighting, were steadily developing. Pop. about 90,000.
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Czerny
GEORGE, Hospodar of Servia; born in the neighborhood of Belgrade about 1770. His true name was George Petrovitch, but he was called Czerny or Kara George, i. e., Black George. In 1801 he organized an insurrection of his countrymen against the Turks, took Belgrade, and forced the Porte to recognize him as Hospodar of Servia. In 1813, however, he had to retire before a superior force, and took refuge in Austria. Returning to his country in 1817, he was taken and put to death in July.
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