Cardamine
an extensive genus of buildings, building town-hall, town-hall, infirmary, univercruciferous pla herbaceous plants. Carda-sity college (for S. Wales and Monmouthshire), law courts, free library, museum, etc. The docks are extensive and well constructed. As regards tonnage entered and cleared, Cardiff is now the third port in the United Kingdom; Un in respect of coal exported it is the first. There is here a castle which dates from 1080. It is the property of the Marquis of Bute, who has modernized it, and converted part of it into a residence. The development of Cardiff has been greatly furthered by those in charge of the Bute property, which embraces most of the town. Pop. about 185,000.
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Cardamoms
the aromatic capsules of different species of plants of the natural order Zingiberaceæ (gingers), employed in medicine as well as an ingredient in sauces and curries. Those recognized in the United States Pharmacopœia, called true or official cardamoms and known in commerce as Malabar cardamoms, are the produce of Elettaria (Alpinia) Cardamomum, a native of the mountains of Malabar and Canara.
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Cardboard
pasteboard paper stiffened by several layers being joined together. Bristol board is all white paper, and is made of two or more sheets, according to the thickness required. ed. Other qualities are made by inclosing common thick paper between sheets of white or colored paper of the required quality.
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Cardenas
a seaport of Cuba, on the N. coast, 75 miles E. of Havana, with which it is connected by rail. It has a good harbor, and exports sugar and tobacco. Pop. about 30,000. During the blockade of the Cuban coast in the war between the United States and Spain a severe engagement took place here on May 11, 1898.
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Cardia
the heart; also the upper orifice of the stomach, called, on account of its vicinity to the heart, by the same Greek name. Cardialgia is the name commonly applied to the particular variety of pain called heartburn, arising from a disordered stomach, and accompanied by acid eructations.
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Cardiff
a municipal and parliamentary borough and seaport, the county town of Glamorganshire, Wales, situated at the mouth of the Taff on the estuary of the Severn. It is a rapidly growing town, and the principal outlet for the mineral produce and manufactures of South Wales. Shipbuilding is carried on, and there are iron and other works on a large scale. Among the chief buildings are the county
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Cardigan Bay
a semicircular bend at St. George's Channel, on the W. coast of Wales, 54 miles wide from N. to S., and 35 miles deep, with a sweep of coast of 130 miles. It has 3 to 30 fathoms water, with three reefs. A strong current sweeps round the bay from S. to N. Almost all the harbors on the coast are obstructed by bars.
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Cardinal Virtues
or PRINCI- PAL VIRTUES, in morals, a name applied to justice, prudence, temperance, and fortitude.
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Cardinal-Flower
the name commonly given to Lobelia cardinālis, because of its large, very showy, and intensely red flowers; it is a native of North America, but is much cultivated in gardens in Great Britain.
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Cardinals
next to the pope, the highest dignitaries in the Roman Catholic church. The college of cardinals, charged with the duty of electing the pope, consists of seventy members, though the college is seldom, if ever, full. The pope fills vacancies by appointment. Scarlet is the distinguishing color of the cardinal. The pope signifies an appointment by sending a messenger to place an official scarlet hat on the head of the bishop or archbishop whom he wishes to honor; hence the expression "to send a red hat," or, "to receive a red hat." Other articles of a cardinal's attire are a red cap, a purple cassock, a sapphire ring, and a mitre of white silk. Archbishop McClosky became the first American cardinal 1875. In 1906, 7 cardinals were Spanish; 6 French; 3 German; 1 Belgian; 1 Brazilian; 3 Austrian; 2 Hungarian; 1 American; 1 Bohemian; 3 British and Irish; the rest were Italians. See Pope
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Carding
the process wool, cotton, flax, etc., undergo previous to spinning, to lay the fibers all in one direction, and remove all foreign substances.
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Carditis
inflammation of the heart substance. Inflammation of the lining membrane is endocarditis, of the external membrane, pericarditis. See HEART.
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Cardoon
the Cynăra Carduncuius, Cynara a perennial plant belonging to the same genus as the artichoke, and somewhat resembling it. It is a native of Canada. The thick, fleshy stalks and ribs of its leaves are blanched and eaten as an esculent vegetable.
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Carducci
GIOSUE (kär-dö'chi), an Italian poet and philologist, born in Valdicastello, Tuscany, July 27, 1836. professor of Italian lit- He was made pr erature in the University of Bologna in 1860. He had previously written on the history of literature; and a small volume of lyrics, "Rimes" (1857). But his poetical genius is better shown in the collections of his fugitive pieces published a little later: "Serious Trifles" and "The Decennials." His "Hymn to Satan" (1863), published under the pseudonym "Enotrio Romano" made an extraordinary impression, and was formally defended in "Satan and Satanic Polemics" (1879). The breadth and range of his genius, as well as his mastery of poetic form, are seen in the "Poems of Enotrio Romano" (1871); ); "New Poems" (1873); "Iambics and Epodes" (1882); "New Rimes" (1887). He died Feb. 15, 1907.
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Carew
THOMAS, an English poet; born in 1598. He stood high in favor with Charles I., and was an intimate friend of the greatest poets and scholars of his time in England. His poems are light and airy, sometimes licentious, always graceful and elegant in form. They are mostly songs or odes; he also wrote "Cœlum Britannicum," a masque (1633). He died in 1639. 23-Vol. II-Cyc
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Carey
HENRY, an English poet and playwright; born about 1696; as the author of "Sally in Our Alley" his claim to the notice of posterity is a strong one, and "Namby Pamby" is another of his His farces, among them good songs. "Hanging and Marriage," are not so lively. He died in London in 1743.
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