Carver
JOHN, a "Pilgrim Father," the first governor of the Plymouth colony, born in England, about 1575. He joined the Leyden colony of English exiles about 1608, and as their agent assisted in securing a charter from the Virginia Company and in selecting and equipping the "Mayflower." He was elected governor probably Nov. 11, 1620, of July 28, 1883, the after the "Mayflower" reached Provincetown, showed great ability and judgment in governing the infant colony after the landing at Plymouth, and established by a treaty with the Indians peaceful relations that remained for many years undisturbed. He was re-elected in March, 1621, but died a few days afterward. His chair and sword are still preserved as Pilgrim relics.
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Caryatid
kar-i-at'id, a figure of a woman in long robes taking the place of a column in architecture. The Greek plural, the Caryatides, is the name of a remarkable series of six marble figures of this sort employed to uphold the roof of the porch of a temple adjoining the Parthenon in Athens. Just what motive the Greeks had in employing female figures is not known. It has been suggested that they represent slaves taken in war; but the grace and dignity of these sculptured forms precludes the thought of their being introduced as a mark of subjection or slavery. They are about seven feet in height. The originals still stand, and form one of the most beautiful portions of the remarkable ruins on the Acropolis. The use of caryatides was not uncommon in Greece and Rome. Male figures used for the same purpose were called atlantes. See Parthenon
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Casabianca
ka-sa-be-an'ka, Louis, a French naval officer . He was captain of the flagship L'Orient in the battle of the Nile, August 1, 1798. He was mortally wounded and his ship caught fire, but his little nine year old son would not leave the ship without a permission that his dying father could not give. The ship exploded and both were lost. Mrs. Hemans has celebrated the bravery and obedience of the little fellow in a well known poem beginning, The boy stood on the burning deck Whence all but him had fled.
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Casals
PABLO, a Spanish musician, born at Vendrell, Spain, in 1876. He studied music under his father and other teachers and became professor of the 'cello at Barcelona University. He first appeared as a soloist in Paris in 1898. In 1901 he made his first visit to the United States. This was followed by frequent tours. He was recognized as a master of the 'cello and he composed many works for the 'cello and organ.
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Casamicciola
a favorite watering-place on the island of Ischia. The season extends from June to September. By the earthquake the place was almost entirely destroyed. Pop. about 3,000.
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Cascade Mountains
a range of western mountains. The Cascades run parallel to the Pacific coast from California northward into Alaska. In British Columbia and Alaska the Cascades crowd the Coast Range off into the sea. The line of elevation is marked by a number of mountains of volcanic origin. Wrangel, St. Elias, Logan, Fairweather, Vancouver, Shasta, Tacoma or Rainier, Adams, and Hood are the most noted peaks. The range is cut by river gorges, notably by that of the Columbia. The Great Northern Railway crosses the summit in Washington by means of the Cascade Tunnel. This tunnel is wide enough for a double track and is twenty-one feet six inches high. It is faced with concrete and is 2.6 miles long.
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Cascade Range
a chain of mountains in the States of Oregon and Washington. It takes its name from the cascades formed by the Columbia river breaking through the mountains. It is a continuation of the Sierra Nevada of California, and is nearly parallel with the Pacific coast. Some of the highest peaks are Mt. Hood, 11,225 feet, Mt. Jefferson in Oregon, and Mt. Tacoma in Washington, 14,444 feet high.
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Casco Bay
a bay on the S. W. coast of Maine; is about 20 miles wide and so deep as to constitute one of the best harbors of the world, for all kinds of vessels. It contains many islands.
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Case Spring Vise
The Boss case spring tool, shown in Fig. 50, is a very handy little tool. By turning the thumb screw you can bind the spring in the desired position and hold it there. until the screw is inserted in its proper place. It will be found much handier than the ordinary plyer-shaped tools designed for the same purpose. Another form of case spring vise is Hall's, which is shown in Fig. 51.
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Case Springs
The springs in a watch case that cause it to fly open and that keep it in position when closed.
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Case Stake
A stake made with a large head, generally of steel, and used for taking out dents from battered watch cases. The stake shown in Fig. 52 is of the reversible pattern, and while using is held in the vise.
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Case-Hardening
A process of carbonizing the surface of wrought iron, thus converting it into steel. See Steel.
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Casein
or CASEINE, an albuminoid substance found in milk, soluble in alkali. It is coagulated by animal membranes. It dries into a yellow mass, and contains less nitrogen than albumin. A similar substance, called vegetable casein, or legumin, occurs in peas, beans, etc. Vegetable casein is a substance essentially the same as animal casein, of which from 20 to 27 per cent. occurs in the pea and bean, while the seeds of leguminous plants in general contain a considerable proportion of it.
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Caserta
or TERRA DI LAVORO, a province of Italy, N. of Naples, along the Mediterranean Sea. Its chief industries are agriculture and cattle raising; there are also some flourishing manufactures. Area, 2,033 square miles. Pop. about 820,000. CASE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCI- ENCE, an institution for technical education, founded in 1890 in Cleveland, O. There are departments of engineering, astronomy, and other scientific subjects. In 1919 there were 572 students and 52 instructors. President, C. S. Howe
a town of Italy; capital of the province of the same name; on a plain 20 miles N. N. E. of Naples by rail. It is chiefly remarkable on account of its magnificent palace, one of the finest in Europe, which was founded by Charles III. in 1752. Pop. about 32,000.
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