Carlisle (Borough and county-seat)
borough and county-seat of Cumberland co., Pa.; on the Cumberland Valley and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads; 18 miles W. of Har- It is is the farming and manurisburg. facturing trade center of Cumberland ty, and is the seat of Dickinson Colcounty, lege, Metzger Female College, and of the United States Indian Training School up to the time of its discontinuation. It has large manufacturing establishments, Hamilton Library, Todd Hospital, etc. It was the headquarters of Washington during the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794, and was bombarded by the Confederates in 1863. Pop. (1910) 10,303; (1920) 10,916.
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Carlists
in history, the supporters of the pretension of Carlos, a brother of Ferdinand VII, to the Spanish throne. They were and are yet the Absolutists of Spain. In religion and politics a comparison may be drawn between Carlos and the Carlists of Spain and the Pretender and the Jacobites of Great Britain . See Castelar
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Carlists
a Spanish political faction which advocates the claims of Carlos of Bourbon and his descendants to the Spanish throne. In 1833 the Carlists, whose chief strength lay in the Basque provinces, and who, because of their tenets of absolutism sm and priestcraft, were secretly favored by the Pope and the eastern powers, raised the standard of revolt. They had the advantage until 1836, when Espartero inflicted on them a terrific defeat at Luchana. In August, 1839, their commander, Maroto, treacherously made peace, and the remaining Carlists soon fled to France. In 1873 the grandson of the first pretender raised another revolt in the Basque provinces of Navarre and Biscay, but after several sharp conflicts the rebels were hemmed in along the N. coast, and in 1876 the pretender and his chief supporters fled into France.
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Carloman
the eldest son of Charles Martel, whom he succeeded as King of Austrasia in 741. He and his brother, Pepin, united in defending their dominions against the encroachments of their neighbors, and defeated the Germans in 743. Carloman then entered Saxony, took its duke prisoner, and, after several successful expeditions, became a monk of the order of St. Benedict. He assembled a famous council in 742, whose acts bear his name. Died 755. There were three others of the same name: The first was the younger brother of Charlemagne, with whom he had some contention about the kingdom, but, on his death, in 771, left him in full possession. The second was the son of Louis II., whom he succeeded in 879, in conjunction with his brother Louis III. On the death death of the latter, he was declared sole King of France, and was killed in hunting, by a wild boar, in 884. The third, Carloman, was the eldest son of I., King of Germany, whom he succeeded, in 876, in the kingdom of Bavaria.He made some partial conquests in Italy. Died 880.
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Carlotta
(MARIE CHARLOTTE AMÉLIA), ex-empress of Mexico. born in Brussels, June 7, 1840, the daughter of Leopold I. of Belgium. She was married to Maximilian, Archduke of Austria (1857). She accompanied her husband to Mexico in 1864, but in 1866 returned to Europe to solicit aid from the French Emperor and from the Pope. Her failure and the news of her husband's overthrow, unbalanced her mind.
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Carlovingians
the second dynasty of the French or Frankish kings, which supplanted the Merovingians, deriving the name from Charles Martel or his grandson Charlemagne (that is, Karl or Charles the Great). Charles Martel (715-741) and his son Pepin (741-768) were succeeded by Charlemagne and his brother Carloman (768-771). Charlemagne became sole king in 771, and was succeeded in the Empire of the West by his son Louis le Debonnaire (814). He divided his empire among his sons, and at his death (840) his son Charles the Bald became King of France. He died in 877, and was succeeded by a number of feeble princes. The dynasty ty came to an end with Louis V., who died in 987.
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Carlovitz
or Karlowitz, Peace of, a peace concluded January 26, 1699, between Austria, Poland, Venice, Russia, and Turkey, with the good offices of England and the Netherlands. Austria received large accessions of territory in Transylvania and Hungary; Russia gained Azov on the Black Sea . The treaty of Carlovitz is memorable, not only on account of the magnitude of the territorial change which it ratified; not only because it marks the period when men ceased to dread the Ottoman Empire as an aggressive power; but, also, because it was then that the Porte and Russia took part, for the first time, in a general European Congress; and because, by admitting to that Congress the representatives of England and Holland, neither of which states was a party to the war, both the Sultan and the Czar thus admitted the principle of intervention of the European powers, one with another, for the sake of the general good.-Creasy, History of the Ottoman Turks.
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Carlskrona
or KARLSKRONA, the capital of a Swedish province, built on five rocky islets in the Baltic, 240 miles S. S. W. of Stockholm. It was founded in 1680 by Charles XI., who gave it his own name, and made it the great naval station and arsenal of Sweden, instead of Stockholm. It has a magnificent harbor, with a sufficient depth of water to float the largest vessels. The only practicable entrance is strongly defended. Pop. (1919) 27,642. KARLSRUHE CARLSRUHE, or (kärls'rö-è), the capital of the republic of Baden, situated 5 miles E. of the Rhine, and 39 W. N. W. of Stuttgart, 34 S. S. W. of Heidelberg, Founded in 1715, and built in the form of a fan, with 32 streets radiating from the former grand-ducal palace, it has a number of fine buildings-the palace itself (1751- 1776), the parliament-house theater (1853), the town hall (1821), the museum (1852), with a library of about volumes. 200,000 Before the palace stands a bronze statue of the city's Charles William; founder, the Margrave and in the market-place is a stone pyramid inclosing his remains. The manufactures include machines of various sorts, engines, locomotives, railway carriages and wagons, jewelry, carpets, chemical products, and cloth. There are numerous educational institutions. During the World War it was bombed several times by Allied aeroplanes. Pop. about 135,000.
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