Carniola
a former province of the Dog. Austrian empire. It has an area of 3,856 square miles. It is bounded by Croatia on the E. and S., by_Carinthia on the N., Styria on the N. E., and Istria and Gorz on the W. It is a mountainous region and not very productive exdistricts, where in certain cept wheat, barley, wine, flax, and fruits are produced in considerable quantities. Its mineral resources are rich, the mines yielding lead, quicksilver, and iron. There are also valuable quarries of marble, and coal exists in paying quantities. The chief manufactures are iron, linen, lace, flannel, leather, worsted, and woolen cloth. The railway facilities are excellent, there being nearly three hundred miles of line in the province. Laibach is the capital and principal city (pop. about 40,000). Ninety-four per the people are of Slovene birth remaining six per cent. is made Germans, Serbs, Croats, and The prevailing faith is Roman In the 12th century Carniola was a duchy of the Counts of Tyrol. It was allotted to France in the treaty of Vienna and became a part of the kingdom of Illyria. By the terms of the Versailles treaty it was made a part of the new kingdom of Jugoslavia. Pop.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Carnot
LAZARE NICOLAS MAR- GUERITE, a French statesman, general, and strategist, born in Burgundy, May 13, 1753. In 1791 he was appointed deputy to the constituent assembly. In the following March he was sent to the Army of the North, where he took command and successfully repulsed the enemy. On his return he was made member of the Committee of Public Safety, and directed and organized the French armies with great ability and success. As a member of the Committee Carnot was formally responsible for the decrees of Robespierre, but being incessantly occupied in his department knew really little of the atrocities to which the sanction of his name was lent. In 1797 Carnot, having unsuccessfully opposed Barras, had to escape to Germany, but re-clared the good tidings of great joy; and turned, and was appointed Minister of War by Napoleon (1800). But he remained in principle an inflexible Republican, voted against the consulship for life, and protested against Napoleon's assumption of the imperial dignity. For seven years after this Carnot remained in retirement, publishing several valuable military works. In 1814 Napoleon gave him the chief command at Antwerp, and in 1815 the post of Minister of the Interior. After the Emperor's second fall he retired from France. He died in Magdeburg, Prussia, Aug. 3, 1823.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Carnot (II)
MARIE FRANÇOIS SADI, President of the French Republic, born in Limoges, Aug. 11, 1837; a grandson of the famous war-minister of the Revolution. He was educated at the Ecole Polytechnique and the Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris. He was assigned to duty in the engineer corps. During the siege of Paris in 1871 he was made prefect of the Seine-Inférieure and showed great ability. In politics he was an earnest Republican. Elected to the National Assembly in 1871 by the Côted'Or, he soon rose to prominence. In 1876 he was chosen secretary of the Chamber of Deputies; in 1878 Secretary of Public Works. He was Minister of Public Works in 1881-1882 and 1886. In December, 1887, on the resignation of M. Grévy he was chosen President. The policy which he announced in his inaugural message, and which was consistently and successfully carried out during his administration, was one of peace with foreign nations, careful development of the army and navy, and economy in all departments. The support and confidence of the Conservative Republicans fortified him against the Socialists, the Anarchists, and the supporters of Boulanger. An attempt to involve his name in the Panama scandal failed ut terly. While attending an exposition at Lyons, June 24, 1894, he was stabbed by a fanatical Italian Anarchist, and died the next day.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Carol
a song of praise sung at Christmas-tide. It originally meant a song accompanied with dancing, in which sense it is frequently used by the old poets. It appears to have been danced by many performers, by taking hands, forming a ring, and singing as they went round. Bishop Taylor says that the oldest carol was that sung by the heavenly host when the birth of the Saviour was announced to the shepherds on the plains of Bethlehem. It is probable that the practice of singing carols at Christmas-tide arose in imitation of this, as the majority of the carols dethe title of Noels, nowells, or novelles, applied to carols, would seem to bear out this idea. Carol singing is of great antiquity among Christian communities, as the carol by Aurelius Prudentius, of the 4th century, will show.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Carolingians
or Carlovingians, a royal house of Europe. The name is derived from the Latin word Carolus, or Charles, and may be regarded as based on Charles Martel or on his grandson, Carolus Magnus, better known as Charlemagne. There were several branches. Carolingians ruled in France 752-987; in Italy, 774-961; and in Germany, 752-911. Charlemagne was the greatest of the family. Louis, "the Child," was the last of the German Carolingians. Louis V was the last of the family to sit on the throne of France.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Carotid
the name of an artery on each side of the neck. The common carotids are two considerable arteries that ascend on the fore part of the cervical vertebra to the head to supply it with blood. The right common carotid is given off from the arteria innominata; the left arises from the arch of the aorta.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Carpathians
kar-pa'thi-ans, a mountain range of Europe. The chain encircles the plains of Hungary for about 800 miles and forms a natural boundary on the northwest. The range is lower than that of the Alps, but the plants and animals are the same for corresponding altitudes. Vineyards and fields are succeeded by forests. The higher part of the ranges is above the limit of vegetation. Salt deposits of great thickness and mines of gold, silver, copper, and iron are found.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Carpel
a leaf forming the pistil. Several carpels may enter into the composition of one pistil.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia