Catawba
ka-taw'ba, in horticulture, an excellent variety of cultivated grapes. This grape originated from the fox grape of the Catawba River in the Carolinas, from which locality it takes its name. The Catawba grape was brought to perfection by Mr. Longworth in a vineyard on the hills of Cincinnati. It is of a red, coppery color. In size it is midway between a Concord and a Delaware. The growers of the Ohio Valley are partial to this grape, which they send to the market in five and ten pound baskets. It is considered an excellent wine grape. See Grapes; Mutation
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Catbird
a well known slaty-gray bird with black crown and tail. About nine inches in length. It is related to the wren, the brown thrasher, and the mocking bird, the latter of which it resembles not a little. It ranges from Hudson Bay to the Gulf, nesting in dense thickets and closely foliaged trees. Three to five eggs, greenish blue. The catbird is intensely distressed when her nest is discovered. Mrs. Olive Thorne Miller gives the catbird a high reputation for hospitality and charitable behavior toward its unfortunate neighbors, feeding the hungry and distressed like a good Samaritan; but Lowell speaks of catbirds as "weasel Scots," that from their home in a syringa bush, tore down the unguarded nests of their neighbors. The catbird is a fine singer, performing late into the night; but it demands prompt payment in raspberries and other small fruits in sufficient quantities for self and fledglings. See Mocking Bird Catbird
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Cateau
LE, or CATEAU-CAMBRÉ- SIS, (kat-ō), a town in the French department of Nord, on the Selle, 14 miles E. S. E. of Cambrai. Pop. about 10,000 . Here in 1559 the treaty of Cateau -Cambrésis was concluded between Henry II. of France and Philip II. of Spain. death, after they had on Hence the
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Catechism
kat'e-kizm, a pamphlet or volume of religious instruction put in the form of question and answer. The Roman Catholic catechism was put forth in Latin by the Council of Trent in 1556. It has been translated into various modern languages. The first English translation appeared in 1829. The Westminster Shorter Catechism, drawn up by a meeting of Presbyterian divines at Westminster in 1647, is taught by the Church of Scotland and Presbyterians generally. It was long taught by the Congregationalists of New England . An abridgment is the Shorter Catechism, embalmed in literature as far from a delight to children. The catechism written by Martin Luther is taught in Lutheran parochial schools the world over. The catechism of the Church of England has been a manual of instruction for centuries. Other denominations, notably the Methodists and Baptists, have each a catechism. The Protestant dissenters of England were attached to Dr. Watts' catechism.
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Catechu
. See Acacia
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Caterpillar
. See Insect
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Cathari
(See Gnostics.) Catoptromancy, or Enoptromancy is a species of divination by the mirror, which Pausanius describes : "Before the Temple of Ceres at Patras, there was a fountain, separated from the temple by a wall, and there was an oracle, very truthful, not for all events, but for the sick only. The sick person let down a mirror, suspended by a thread, till its base touched the surface of the water, having first prayed to the goddess and offered incense. Then looking in the mirror, he saw the presage of death or recovery, according as the face appeared fresh and healthy, or of a ghastly aspect." Another method of using the mirror was to place it at the back of a boy's or girl's head, whose eyes were Cellini bandaged. In Thessaly, the response appeared in characters of blood on the face of the moon, probably represented in the mirror. The Thessalian sorceresses derived their art from the Persians, who always endeavoured to plant their religion and mystic rites in the countries they invaded.
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Catharine Howard
Queen of England. See HOWARD.
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Catharine of Aragon
Queen of England, the youngest daughter of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, born in 1485. In 1501 she was married to Arthur, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VII. Her husband dying about five months after, the king, unwilling to return her dowry, caused her to be married to his remaining son, Henry, and a dispensation was procured from the Pope for that purpose. On his accession to the throne as Henry VIII. in 1509 she was crowned with him, and despite the inequality of their ages retained her ascendency with the king for nearly 20 years. Her children, however, all died in infancy, excepting Mary, and on the advent of Anne Boleyn, Henry affected to doubt the legality of his union with Catharine. He applied therefore to Rome for a divorce, but the attitude of the papal court ultimately provoked him to throw off his submission to it, and declare himself head of the English Church. In 1532 he married Anne Boleyn; upon which Catharine, no longer considered Queen of England , retired to Ampthill in Bedfordshire. Cranmer, now raised to the primacy, pronounced the sentence of divorce, notwithstanding which Catharine still persisted in maintaining her claims, showing from first to last a firm and dignified spirit. She died in January, 1536.
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Catharine of Braganza
wife daughter of John IV., King of Portugal, of Charles King of England, and was born in 1638. In 1662 she married Charles II., but her husband's infidelities and neglect, and her childlessness, were a source of mortification t her. In 1693 she returned to Portugal, where, in 1704, she was made regent , and in the conduct of affairs during the war with Spain showed marked ability. She died in 1705. CATHARINE PARR. See PARR.
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Cathedral Peak
a peak of the Sierra Nevada Range, ange, situated in Mariposa co., Cal. It is of granite formation and contains the source of the Merced river. Height, 11,000 feet.
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Catherwood
MARY HART. WELL, an American writer, born in Luray, O., Dec. 16, 1847. She wrote "Craque-o'-Doom," "The Romance of Dollard," "The Story of Tonty," "A Woman in Armor," "The Lady of Fort St. John," "The Chase of St. Castin, and Other Tales," "The Spirit of an Illinois Town," "The White Islander ," and other novels. She died in 1902.
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