Cattaro
a strongly fortified port in the former Austrian crown-land of Dalmatia, at the head of the Gulf of Cattaro, 40 miles S. E. of Ragusa, under the steep Montenegrin hills. Cattaro has a cathedral, a naval school, and a population of about 7,500, chiefly engaged in the Mo Montenegrin trade. At one time the capital of a small republic, the town in 1420 joined the Republic of Venice, and after varied fortunes was handed over to Austria in 1814 by the Treaty of Vienna. During the WORLD WAR (q. v.) Cattaro was bombarded several times. As a result of the peace treaty between the Entente Powers and Austria- Austria- Hungary it became part of Jugoslavia. The Gulf of Cattaro, an inlet of the Adriatic, consists of three basins or lakes, connected by straits of about half a mile in breadth. Its length is 19 miles, and its depth from 15 to 20 fathoms.
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Cattegat
or KATTEGAT, the bay or arm of the sea between the E. coast of Jutland and the W. coast of Sweden, to the N. of the Danish islands. It is connected with the Baltic Sea by the Great and Little Belt, and by the Sound, and the Skager Rack connects it with the North Sea. The length of the Cattegat is about 150 miles, and its greatest breadth 85 miles. Its greatest depth is 36 fathoms, but it has numerous sandbanks, and navigation is rendered more dangerous by its strong currents and violent storms. The Danish shores are low, with stretches of sand or reefs, but the Swedish shore is very steep and rocky. CATTELL (JAMES) MCKEEN, an American psychologist, born in Easton, Pa., May 25, 1860, graduated at Lafayette College in 1880, and studied at Leipsic, Paris, Geneva and Göttingen. He was assistant under Wundt at the University of Leipsic, Professor of Psychology in the University of Pennsylvania in 1888-1891, and Professor of Experimental Psychology in Columbia University from 1891 to 1917. He was co-editor of the "Psychological Review," "Science," etc., and a member of many scientific associations.
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Cattle-Plague
any plague by which large numbers of cattle are deroyed. Such plagues have existed at intervals, more or less, in all countries and in all ages. Among the severer visitations in centuries preceding the 19th may be mentioned a great plague which arose in Hungary in 1711, whence it spread to other countrics, destroying in the next three years about on and a half millions of cattle. A second visitation, which affected England and the W. of Europe, between 1745 and 1756, caused the death of about three millions of cattle. The name is given in the United States specifically to the disease known as "Texas fever," the scientific name of which is pleuro-pneumonia. Although this pest has from time to time broken out endemically, there has never been any general epidemic here such as has afflicted other countries. The appellation "cattle plague" is also loosely given to another disease among cattle in the United States, which is otherwise known as "lumpy-jaw," a most virulent and incurable affection. Experiments have been time and again again ain ineffectually ineffectually tried to find a cure for this, though large governmental encouragement has been offered. A rigid examination of cattle is made by government inspectors at all receiving and shipping ports.
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Catullus
CAIUS VALERIUS (kat-ul'us), a Roman lyric poet, born in Verona, about 90 b. c. He was the friend of Cicero, of Plancus, Cinna, and Cornelius Nepos; to the last he dedicated the collection of his poems. Almost all the known details of his life are derived by inference from his works, and relate to such matters as his passion for Lesbia, his journey to Bithynia, and voyage home in his yacht, his pleasant villa on Lake Benacus, etc. He was the first of the Romans who successfully caught the Greek lyric spirit, and gave to Roman literature its most genuine songs. He died about 54 b. c.
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Cauca
a river of Colombia, in South America, which, after a N. course of 600 miles, falls into the Magdalena. Its valley is one of the richest and most populous districts of the continent, and it gives name to one of the Colombian departments traversed by the Andean coast-range, and extending along the Pacific from Panama to Ecuador; area, 20,403 square miles; pop. about 215,000. It is rich in minerals. Capital, Popayán.
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Caucasia
a sub-division of Russia, between the Black and Caspian Seas, and extending from the frontier of Persia on the S. to the Kuma-Manych depression on the N. The Caucasus Mountains divide the territory into Cis-caucasia and Trans-caucasia. The total area of Caucasia, the two parts being nearly equal, is 181,173 square miles, and the population, Trans-caucasia being the more thickly settled, about 13,500,000.
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Caucasus
a chain of mountains lying to the S. E. of Russia proper, between the Black Sea and the Caspian. It traverses the former Russian province of Caucasia (now the Kuban, Georgian, and Azerbaijan republics) from N. W. to S. E. through a length of 700 miles. It does not form a single chain, but is divided for part of its length into two, three, or four chains, which sometimes run parallel to one another, and sometimes meet and form mountain mountain ganglions. The heights of the chief summits are Elbruz, 18,572 feet; Koshtan-tau, 17,123; Dych-tau, 16,928; Kasbek, 16,546. Those mountains, as they lie N. of the Caucasian watershed, are to be looked upon as European. The chief rivers are the Terek and Kur, flowing into the Caspian, and the Kuban and Rion (ancient Phasis) into the Black Sea. The N. part of the country produces little but grass, but the slopes and valleys on the S. and especially those nearest the Black Sea, produce various erals are valuable. At Baku on the Castion, rice, cotton, hemp, etc. The minpian immense quantities of petroleum are obtained. The inhabitants consist of small tribes of various origin and language-Georgians, Abassians, Lesghians, Ossetes, Circassians, Tartars, Armeni ans, etc. Some of them are Greek and Armenian Christians, others are Mohammedans, Jews, etc.
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