Chakras
These, are, according to theosophists, the sense organs of the etheral body (q.v.) and receive their name from their appearance which resembles vortices. Altogether there are ten chakras-visible only to clairvoyantsbut of these it is advisable to use only seven. They are situated, not on the denser physical body, but opposite certain parts of it as follows: (1) the top of the head, (2) between the eyebrows, (3) the throat, (4) the heart, (5) the spleen-(where vitality is indrawn from the sun). (6) the solar plexus, (7) the base of the spine. The remaining three chakras are situated in the lower part of the pelvis and normally are not used, but are brought into play only in Black Magic . It is by means of the chakras that the trained occultist can become acquainted with the astral world. (See Theosophy .)
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Chalcedon
a Greek city of ancient Bithynia, opposite Byzantium (Constantinople), at the entrance of the Black Sea Sea , about 2 miles S. of the modern Scutari. It was a flourishing town when it came into possession of the Romans, under the testament of Nicomedes, 74 B. c., as included in the kingdom of Bithynia. It was finally destroyed by the Turks, by whom it was taken, about 1075. In ecclesiastical history it is important as the place at which, in 451, Marcian held the general council for destroying the influence of Dioscuros and the Monophysites by formulating the belief in the existence of two natures in Christ.
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Chalcis (Greek town anciently the chief)
a Greek town, anciently the chief town of Eubœa, separated by the narrow strait of Euripus from the Bœotian coast, on the mainland of Greece, with which it was connected by a bridge. Chalcis, which is mentioned by Homer, early became one of the greatest eatest of the Ionic cities, carrying on an extensive commerce, and planting numerous colonies in Syria, Macedonia, Italy, Sicily, and the islands of the Ægean Sea. It was subsequently a place of importance under the Romans. There is still a town on the site, consisting of an inner walled town and an outer suburb. Pop. about 17,500.
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Chalcis (Typical genus of a large)
a typical genus of a large family of Hymenopterous insects, not unlike small wasps. The family (Chalcididæ or Pteromalini) has this great importance, that the larvæ of its members are parasitic in the eggs, larvæ, or pupe of other insects, and as some of the latter are very destructive to plants, their parasites are animals to be thankful for. Thus forms so different as the cabbage butterfly and the destructive Hessian fly have their attendant Pteromalini. Many of the so-called gallwasps (Cynipida) which cause many of the commonest galls for instance, on the oak, or the curious bunches on rose and briar bushes are preyed upon by Chalcididæ. Some of the hosts of these Chalcidæ are themselves parasitic, and thus we have parasites within parasites, or double parasitism. Altogether over 2,000 species of Chalcididæ are known.
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Chaldaea
In the narrower sense, was a province of Babylonia, about the lower course of the Euphrates, the border of the Arabian Desert, and the head of the Persian Gulf. In a wider sense, the term is applied to the JOOO CLASSICAL CHARACTERS whole of Babylonia, and even to the Babylonian empire, on account of the supremacy which the Chaldeans acquired at Babylon. 2026 Editor's Note: While the term is often used to describe the whole of Babylonia, ancient Chaldea was geographically limited to the marshy plains of the far southeast formed by the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. The region was settled by the Kaldu, a West Semitic-speaking group that arrived between the 11th and 9th centuries BC and eventually established a dynasty that ruled the Neo-Babylonian Empire at its height. Modern scholars distinguish these ancient inhabitants from the present-day Chaldean Catholic Church, whose members are predominantly of Assyrian descent. (Ed: BR 2026-07-06)
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Chaldea
in ancient geography the regions of Babylonia, or more generally Babylonia. The early history of Chaldæa as a separate kingdom is very uncertainly known. The Chaldæans were conquered by the Assyrians, with Babylon, and waged frequent wars with the latter power. When the Assyrian power began to wane, the Chaldæans, being a more warlike and powerful people than the Babylonians, became supreme; Chal- Babylonia, by their conquests Band Babylon dæa and Ba under Nebuchadnezzar, became one kingdom, and the names Chaldæa and Babylonia became synonymous terms. CHÂLET, the French-Swiss name for the wooden hut of the Swiss herdsmen on the mountains; but is also extended to Swiss dwelling-houses generally, and to picturesque and ornate villas built in imitation of them.
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Chaleur Bay
or BAY OF CHA- LEURS (shäl-er'), an inlet of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, between Quebec and New Brunswick. The French fleet was here defeated by the British in 1760. There are a number of islands in this bay, notably Shippegan, near its mouth. The navigation is good and the mackerel fishery is important. The Restigouche river flows into the bay, as do numerous other large streams. Length Leng from E. to W. 90 m miles, and greatest est breadth 20 miles. The bay is a great resort of fishermen, as its waters teem with many varieties of the finny tribe, including salmon. The bay, whose original name was Ecketam Nemauchi, or Bay of Fish, forms a single great harbor, destitute of shoals and reefs, and forming a safe refuge from storms and dangerous currents, as well as affording exceptionally safe anchorage.
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Chalk Composition
For obtaining impressions of simple objects, as medals, etc., or for forcing into well-oiled moulds, as busts, statuettes, etc., this composition is very good. It is composed of powdered chalk and thin glue worked to the consistency of putty, which, when allowed to dry, becomes almost as hard as marble. All that is needed is to press the composition hard down into all the cavities of the mould, and the impression is perfect. See PLASTERCAST. Change-hook. See DOUBLE HOOK.
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Challis
shal'ly, a soft, fine, thin dress fabric of wool, wool and silk, or wool and cotton. The original challis was made at Norwich, England, in 1832. It was of silk and wool, and was of a superior quality, the special characteristics being lightness, pliability, and dull finish. Challis is made in plain colors or figured. The patterns are copied usually from French silk. They are tasteful and often artistic. They are produced in the loom or are printed. Cotton challis is one of the cheapest prints made. It is, however, soft, durable, and attractive in coloring. It is used largely for bed comforts, draperies, house gowns, dressing sacques, etc. All wool challis is quite similar to old-fashioned muslin-delaine. It is not crumpled easily, and is desirable where light weight, dainty coloring, and graceful draping are required. See Delaine
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