Chichester
a municipal borough of England, in Sussex co. It contains many notable buildings, dating from the 12th and 13th centuries. The former city walls are now used as a public promenade. The cathedral is remarkable for several features. Other notable buildings are the guildhall, the church of St. Olave, and the market cross, erected about the beginning of the 16th century. The town has a theological college and a grammar school. It has considerable trade in agricultural products and live stock. The harbor, about 2 miles S. W. of the city, is connected with it by a canal. Pop. about 15,000.
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Chickahominy
a river in Virginia, affluent of the James and running parallel to it for many miles from its source N. W. of Richmond. As it lay between the Union armies and Richmond, on and near it occurred many of the most important events of McClellan's Peninsula campaign in 1862, including the battles of Williamsburg, Hanover Court-house, Fair Oaks, Mechanicsville, Cold Harbor, Savage's Station, Frazier's Farm, and Malvern Hill. The second battle of Cold Harbor under Grant took place in 1864. CHICKAMAUGA NATIONAL MILI- TARY PARK. See PARK, NATIONAL.
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Chickamauga
chik-a-maw'ga, a creek in northern Georgia and Tennessee. It empties into the Tennessee River near the city of Chattanooga. September 19th and 20th, 1863, it was the scene of a bloody battle. General Bragg, reinforced by Longstreet, fought the three corps of Rosecrans under Thomas, McCook, and Crittenden, and penned him up in Chattanooga. Had it not been for Thomas, "the Rock of Chickamauga," the Union forces would have fared ill. Over 100,000 men were engaged. Fully a third of the number were reported as killed or missing. Some brigades lost over half of their men. The battle-ground, covering an area of eleven square miles, has been ceded to the general government by the states of Georgia and Tennessee for a national park. It was dedicated in 1895, on the anniversary of the battle. A large number of monuments, memorials, and marks have been erected already to commemorate the valor of both sides. See Civil War ; Arlington
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Chickasha
a town of Oklahoma, the county-seat of Grady co. It is on the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific, the Frisco Lines, and the Oklahoma Central railroads, and on the Washita river. The town has machine shops, flour mills, stock feeding pens, and other industries. It is the seat of a State college for women, and has a public library. Pop. (1910) 10,320; (1920) 10,179.
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Chicken-Pox
a contagious and infectious disease, is characterized by a specific eruption, which breaks out over the whole body, and runs a definite course in about eight or ten days. The disease appears to be the result of a specific poison which, after a period of latency or incubation, develops into one of more or less feverishness. This lasts for two or three days, when an eruption of pimples appears, at first on the body, then on the face and head, the fever subsiding as the rash appears. These pimples soon fill up with lymph, and become vesicles which in their turn, two or three days later, shrivel up and fall off in the form of crusts or scabs, seldom, however, becoming purulent or pitting as in the eruption of small-pox. Adults seldom suffer from chicken-pox.
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Chiclayo
a city of Peru, 12 miles S. E. of Lambayeque; is the center of a valuable sugar district. The United States consular agent resides in this municipality. Population about 14,000.
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Chicle
chikl, a gum manufactured from the sap of the sapodilla tree. This tree is found throughout tropical America. The chicle industry is confined largely to southern Mexico and Yucatan. Under favorable conditions the tree grows to a height of seventy feet. During May and June camps are established in the sapodilla forests, and preparations are made not unlike those for making maple sugar. The natives make V-shaped cuts in the bark of the tree. A crude milky sap is collected. It is carried in pails to large kettles and boiled down. An average tree will yield about six pounds of the gum, but must not be tapped oftener than once in three years. Well prepared chicle is nearly white when fresh and clean. It is a tough, firm, aromatic, elastic gum. The best quality is worth a dollar a pound in camp. In 1908 Yucatan and Mexico supplied the United States with 4,000,000 pounds of chicle. It is used in the manufacture of high grade chewing gum. Up to the end of the year named about 30,000,000 pounds of chicle had been imported by the United States. See Gums
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Chico
a city of California, in Butte co. It is on the Southern Pacific and the Butte County railroads, and on Chico creek. It is the center of an important fruit-growing, dairying, and mining region. It has a large plant of the Diamond Match Company, flour mills, and machine shops. It is the seat of a State normal school, and has a public library and a park. Pop. (1910) 3,750; (1920) 9,339. city in Hampden
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Chicopee
a co., Mass., on the Connecticut and Chicopee rivers, and on the Boston and Maine railroad, 3 miles N. of Springfield. It is connected with Holyoke and Springfield by electric street railway lines and contains the villages of Chicopee Falls, Willimansett, and Fairview. It is an important manufacturing city, and has fine water power, obtained from Chicopee Falls. Its manufactures include bicycles, blankets, military equipments, brass and cotton goods, machine tools, etc. It has a high school, graded public schools, public library, newspapers, several banks, etc. Pop. (1910) 25,401; (1920) 36,214.
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Chicory
a perennial herb belonging to the composite family. It is a native of Europe. The leaves are not unlike those of a dandelion, but the plant sends up a tall, branched, flowering stem. The flowers vary in color, sky-blue predominating. Like the dandelion it has escaped from cultivation and is found along the roadside. It is of value chiefly for a long, carroty root, much used as a substitute for coffee and as an adulteration of ground coffee. For this purpose the roots are washed, sliced, and dried in kilns. Chicory is put on the market, ground and unground. It is raised easily from the seed. From six to ten tons of roots are expected to the acre. American wholesalers import from 2,600,000 pounds to 4,000,000 pounds of chicory root annually. See Coffee ; Tea ; Cocoa
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