Chantrey
SIR FRANCIS, an English sculptor, born near Sheffield, April 7, 1781; was the son of a well-to-do carpenter. Even in boyhood his chief amusement was in drawing and modeling figures, and he was apprenticed in 1797 to a carver and gilder. In 1802 he commenced work for himself at Sheffield by taking portraits After studying at the Royal its in crayons. London he eventually settled in the Royal Academy in metropolis, where he presented numerous busts at the exhibitions of the Royal as the first monumental sculptor of his time. In 1816 he was chosen an associate and in 1818 a member of the Royal Academy. He was knighted in 1835. "Sleeping Children," in Litchfield Cathe- His most celebrated works dral; the statue of Lady Louisa Russell, are the in Woburn Abbey; the bronze statue of William Pitt, in Hanover Square, London; a statue of Washington, in the Sta Horner, Canning, Sir J. Malcolm, etc., in State House, Boston; and statues of Westminster Abbey. His best works are his busts, but his fulllength figures beanatomy, and several of his equestrian tray an insufficient acquaintance with statues are still more defective. He died Nov. 25, 1842.
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Chanute
Neosh peka and Santa Fe, and the Missouri, Neosho co. It is on the Atchison, To- Kansas and Texas railroads. It has several industries of importance , including glass works, brick and cement plants, It is the center of an extensive oil and tool works, flour mills, oil refineries, etc. 10,286. gas district. Pop. (1910) 9,272; (1920) a city of Kansas, in Han-Kiang, in the province of Kwang-
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Chao-Chau
a city of China, on the tung, 195 miles N. E. of Hong-Kong. Although not a treaty port, Chao-Chau has a harbor for ordinary vessels of com- The nearest telegraph station is merce. at Swatu, 20 miles away. Pop. about control and sends large quantities of 200,000. The city is wholly under native the treaty port of Swatu (or Swatow). sugar and tea down the the Han -Kiang to high plateau of Jalisco, surrounded by
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Chap Book
a rudely gotten up tract or pamphlet, such as was formerly sold by a chapman or peddler. The term chap, or cheap, originally meant a market, or fair. A chapman was one who sold articles at a public market, or cheap. Cheap wares were such inexpensive articles as were vended at the cheap. A chap book, therefore, is a market book, such as a market man might find suitable for rustic trade on a fair day. These chap books were at one time the only popular literature. They were printed in broad-faced, black type, adorned with a few rude woodcuts. They were printed on a single sheet of the coarsest paper and folded into twenty-four pages. They covered a vast range of subjects, including religious tracts, the lives of heroes and martyrs, dreams, fortune telling, almanacs of the weather, stories of giants, ghosts, hobgoblins, witches, notable events in history, ballads, and songs. They sold usually for a penny. They went out of fashion over a century ago. Being unbound they have become very scarce. They now command a large price as rarities. See Books; Printing
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Chapala
a lake in Mexico, on the steep, bare mountains . It has an estimated area of 1300 square miles, contains many islands, and its outlet is the Rio Grande de Santiago . distinguished from a church by the pub-
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Chapel
a place of worship, formerly licity of the worship to be performed; churches being for general use, and chapels (or little churches) for the speticular households. From these the use cial use of private individuals or parof the term in Europe has been extended so as to include all religious edifices not of the established faith. There are also, in the Protestant as in the Roman Catholic churches, chapels of ease to parish churches, built for the accommodation of worshipers in populous or extensive parishes. In Roman Catholic churches, to particular saints, in honor of whom portions of the main building, dedicated a service is there performed, are called chapels.
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Chaplain
literally a person who is appointed to a chapel, as a clergyman not having a parish or similar charge, but connected with a court, the household or the like. Chaplains in the United States army rank as majors, captains, etc.; in the navy they have the rank of lieutenant, lieutenant-commander, commander, captain, according to length of service.
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Chaplin
CHARLES SPENCER, a moving-picture comedian, born near London, in 1888. His theatrical career began at the age of 7 years, and he filled many engagements in vaudeville theaters in London. His first success was gained in "A Night in an English Music Hall," in which he toured the United States. His work with movingpictures began in 1914 and was immediately successful. He became the most popular comedian appearing in the moving-pictures, not only in the United States but throughout the world.
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Chapman
FRANK MICHLER, an American ornithologist, born at Englewood, N. J., in 1864. He received an academic education. From 1887 to 1908 he was assistant curator of ornithology and mammalogy at the American Museum of Natural History, and was full curator from 1908. He carried on many expeditions and explorations in temperate and tropical America and was awarded many medals for his work in ornithology. Among his books are "Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America" (1895); "Bird Studies with a Camera" (1900); "The Economic Value of Birds to the State" (1903); "The Travels of Birds" (1916); "Our Winter Birds" (1918). He was also a frequent contributor to magazines.
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Chapman (GEORGE an English poet)
GEORGE, an English poet, the earliest, and perhaps the best, He translator of Homer, born in 1557. was educated at Oxford, and in 1576 proceeded to London; but little is known of his personal history. His translation of the "Iliad" was published in three separate portions in 1598, 1600, and 1603. In 1614 appeared his translation of the "Odyssey," followed in the same year by that of the "Battle of the Frogs and Mice," and the Homeric hymns. He also translated Hesiod's "Works and Days" and portions of various classic poets. He wrote numerous plays, almost all now forgotten, though containing some fine passages. He died in 1634.
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