Charlottetown
a city and capital of Prince Edward Island, Canada, in Queen's co., on Hillsborough bay, at the confluence of three rivers, and on the Prince Edward Island railway. The city is well laid out, and has an excellent harbor, fine Provincial and Dominion buildings, Postoffice, Y. M. C. A. building, court house, Roman Catholic cathedral, public library, and an Insane Asylum. It is the seat of Prince of Wales College, St. Dunstan's College, and a Methodist college; has a high school, a business college, and several common schools, and many industries, including foundries, machine shops, carriage and furniture factories, breweries, etc. Charlottetown is connected with various parts of the Dominion by steamship lines. It is lighted by gas and electricity; has an extensive water works system, several daily and weekly newspapers, and banks, and is the see of a Roman Catholic bishop. Pop. about 12,000.
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Charm (Carmen)
A magical formula, sung or recited to bring about a supposedly beneficial result, or to confer magical efficacy on an amulet. In popular usage the same word is employed to designate the incantation and the object which is charmed. For the material object (See Amulet :) for the recital (See Spells .)
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Charon's Staircase
in the Greek theater, steps which led from the middle of the stage to the orchestra or dancing place, which corresponds to the pit in modern theaters. In plays in which a ghost appeared, it reached the stage by way of these steps, whence the name, Charon's staircase. See Charon ; Theater Checkerboard
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Charpentier
a French composer, born in Dieuze, France, in 1860. He studied music at the Paris Conservatory and in 1892 produced a symphonic drama entitled "Life of the Poet." His most notable work was the opera "Louise," for which he wrote both the words and music. This d in 1898 in Paris and later was produced in Germany, England, and the United States. Other works of his also were received with considerable success. See MAGNA
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Charterhouse
a celebrated school and charitable foundation in London, England. In 1370 Sir Walter Manny and Northburgh, Bishop of London, built and endowed it as a priory Carthusian monks (hence the name, a corruption of Chartreuse, the celebrated Carthusian convent). After the dissolution of the monasteries it passed through several hands till it came into the possession of Thomas Sutton, who converted it into a hospital, richly endowed, consisting of a master ter, preacher, , head schoolmaster, with 44 boys and 80 er with a indigent gentlemen, together physician and other officers and servants of the house. Each boy is educated at a certain expense, and each pensioner receives food, clothing, lodging, and an allowance of about $130 a year. The poor brethren must be over 50 years of age, and members of the Church of England. The Charterhouse School has been removed to new buildings near Godalming in Surrey, while the nonacademic department of the Charterhouse still remains in the old buildings. The school has a high reputation, and many lads are educated there other than the scholars properly so called. Several of the famous men who have received their education at the Charter-house are Isaac Barrow, Addison, Steele, John Wesley, Blackstone, Grote, Thirlwall, Havelock, John Leech and Thackeray.
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Charters Towers
a mining township of Queensland, Australia, on the N. spurs of the Towers Mountain, 820 miles N. W. of Brisbane. It dates from the gold discovery here of 1871-1872, and was incorporated in 1877. It has railway connection with Townsville on the coast and is in the center of rich gold fields. Pop. about 18,000.
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Chartist
a name given to a political party in England whose views were document called the embodied in a "People's Charter." The chief points were universal suffrage, rage, vote by ballot, annual parliaments, ents, payment of members, equal electoral divisions, and the abolition of property qualification for members. These principles were set out in a bill prepared in 1838. The party became divided in the following year, the extreme members advocating the employment of force for the attainment of their object. These were known as Physical Force Chartists. The rise of the Chartists was in large measure produced by distress, and with rising wages and cheapening food, the movement died away. Some of the most important points of the Charter, and notably household suffrage and vote by ballot, have been accepted by the Legislature and are the law of the land.
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Chartres (Town and capital)
a town and capital of the department of Eure-et-Loire, France, on the Eure, 48 miles S. W. of Paris. The cathedral is reckoned one of the finest Gothic buildings in France. The town has one of the most important corn markets in the country, and manufactures hosiery, hats, and leather. This is a very ancient city, being accounted, before the Roman conquest, as the capital of Celtic Gaul. Henry IV. was crowned here in 1594. Pop. about 25,000.
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Chartreuse
LA GRANDE (shärtrez'), a famous monastery of France, in the department of Isère, 14 miles N. of Grenoble, among lofty mountains, at an elevation of 3,281 feet above sea-level. The access to it is very difficult. It was built in 1084, but having been several times pillaged and burnt down, the present building was erected after 1676. It is of vast extent, and cost an immense sum. During the Revolution, the monks were driven out, and their property, including a valuable library, confiscated and sold; but in 1826, the building, which had escaped the revolutionary tempest, was restored to its original destination, and was the chief monastery of the Carthusians until 1903, when the monks, as the result of the new Law of Associations of 1901, were expelled from France. The inmates, about 30 in number, derived their principal subsistence from the sale of the celebrated liqueur, which they manufactured under the name of Chartreuse, and in the composition of which enter many aromatic herbs.
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Chase
SALMON PORTLAND, an American jurist, born in Cornish, N. H., Jan. 13, 1808; educated at Windsor, Vt., in his uncle's family at Columbus, O., and in Dartmouth College; taught school in Washington, while studying law with William Wirt; opened law practice in Cincinnati, where he edited the "Ohio Statutes," and came to public notice. In 1846 he argued the Fugitive Slave Law with William H. Seward, in a celebrated case, and his support of the anti-slavery cause soon made him the leader of the Liberty party, and a leading spirit in the Free-Soil and Republican parties. In 1849 he was elected to the United States Senate; in 1855 Governor of Ohio; in 1860 was a prominent candidate for the Republican Presidential nomination; ap- CATHEDRAL AT CHARTRES pointed Secretary of the Treasury by President Lincoln, in 1861, and in 1864 became Chief Justice, in which office he presided at the impeachment trial of President Johnson. He died in New York City, May 7, 1873.
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