Chautauqua
sha-taw'qua, the Indian name of a beautiful lake in extreme western New York . The name has also passed to the county in which the lake is situated and to a summer resort on its shores. The Chautauqua Assembly, instituted by Dr. John Vincent in 1874 to give vacation instruction to Sunday school teachers has grown to large proportions as a summer center for teachers and reform rallies. The Chautauqua Reading Circle grew out of the Assembly. A simple plan of organization has been followed. General officers arrange four-year courses in study and reading, usually preparing special texts for the purpose. Local circles of adults are organized by correspondence. They elect their own officers and meet regularly for study and conference. Diplomas are issued by the general officers upon sufficient evidence that the entire course has been pursued with intelligence. A quarter of a million members have been claimed for the Circle. 2026 Editor's Note: Chautauqua was adult education's golden age — the tent circuits brought lectures and music to thousands of towns, and Roosevelt called it 'the most American thing in America.' Radio ended it; the original New York institution thrives still. See Chautauqua . (Ed: BR 2026-07-20)
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Chautauqua Institution
an organization founded in 1874 to carry on educational activities through various methods; first, by public assembly held annually; second, through summer schools, also held annually; and, third, through home reading courses. The assemblies are held each year at Chautauqua, N. Y., and many notable lecturers are on the educational staff. Over 50,- 000 persons regularly attend the annual assemblies. In the home reading courses are enrolled over 10,000 members. In 1919 a campaign was carried on for funds for the support of the institution. Nearly $600,000 had been raised by the end of the year. On the faculty of its summer schools are over 90 teachers.
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Chautauqua Lake
a beautiful lake in Chautauqua co., New York, 18 miles long and about 2 miles wide, 726 feet above Lake Erie, from which it is 8 miles distant. On its banks is the village of Chautauqua, the center of the religious and educational movement known as CHAUTAUQUA INSTITUTION (q. v.).
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Chauvenet
WILLIAM, an American astronomer and mathematician; born in Milford, Pa., May 24, 1819. He , and bewas graduated at Yale in 1839 came instructor in mathematics at the Philadelphia Naval Asylum in 1841, pro- Philadelphia fessor of mathematics and astronomy at the United States Naval Academy in 1845, and professor of astronomy at Washington University, St. Louis, in the last institution. He wrote "Spherical and Practical Astronomy," "Elemen- He tary Geometry," and similar works. died in St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 13, 1870.
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Check
. See Clearing House
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Cheduba
or MANAUNG, an island in the Bay of Bengal, belonging to Burma, about 25 miles off the coast of Arracan; length and breadth, each about 15 miles; area, about 300 square miles; pop., 8,534. The soil is fertile and produces tobacco, rice, indigo, pepper, etc. Petroleum is also found. Pop., about 35,000.
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Cheek
A portion of mould carried separate in the side of a flask, or on a drawback plate. The cheek parts of a flask are those between the cope and nowel, as in a three-part flask; it is cope, cheek, and nowel. See DRAWBACK; FLASKS. Chemical Analysis in the Foundry.--See ANALYSIS.
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Cheese Cloth
a thin, slazy muslin used by dairymen for covering cheeses. It is on the market in varied qualities as regards fineness of thread and closeness of weave. It is bleached or unbleached. Butter cloth is an extra fine quality of cheese cloth. Cheese cloth is used also for curtains, for covering walls before papering, and for a variety of domestic purposes. The "gauze" used by surgeons in dressing wounds is cheese cloth conveniently folded and sterilized. Cheese cloth is dyed in plain colors for draperies and fancy work.
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Cheetah
or CHITA, an East Indian name for felis jubata, the hunting leopard.
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Chefoo
or CHI-FU (properly the name of the European colony of the Chinese town of Yen-Tai), a treaty port on the N. side of the peninsula of Shantung, at the entrance to the Gulf of Pechili, in which it is the only port that remains open throughout the winter. The foreign quarter is in some sense a colony of Shanghai, and, having the best climate of all the treaty ports, it is much resorted to by convalescents. The port has developed into an important coaling station. As a market for foreign manufactured goods, particularly English cotton yarn and American sheetings, Chefoo is of considerable importance. The principal articles of import besides those mentioned are sugar, paper, iron, edible seaweed, and matches. The chief exports are silk, straw-braid, bean-cake, and vermicelli. The Chefoo Convention, which settled several disputed points between China and Great Britain, and extended certain commercial advantages to the latter country, besides throwing open four new treaty ports, was signed there Sept. 13, 1876. The port was the scene of a naval demonstration in 1900, when British and American warships threatened to bombard the forts if their hostile attitude was not abandoned. There were 150 missionaries in the city, whose rescue from peril was thus effected. Pop. about 55,000.
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Chekhov
ANTON PAVLOVITCH, a Russian author, born at Taganrog, in 1860. He studied medicine at the Moscow University, but soon engaged upon a literary career. His first writings were of a humorous nature and were immediately successful. He soon wrote in a more serious vein and was proclaimed by literary circles to be the greatest figure in Russian literature since the days of Turgenev. He wrote over 150 short stories, a number of plays, and one complete novel. Comparatively few of his writings have been translated into English. These are stories which have appeared in magazines. Among his plays, accessible in the English, are "The Sea Gull" (1905); "The Cherry Garden" (1908); "The Swan Song" (1912), and "Uncie Vanya" (1912). prov-
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Chelidonius
A stone taken out of a swallow; good against melancholy and periodical disorders. To cure fever it must be put in a yellow linen cloth, and tied about the neck.
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