Chenonceaux
a famous French château, standing partly on an island in the Cher, partly on a bridge spanning the river, near a station 20 miles E. by S. of Tours. It was begun in 1524 by the Chancellor Thomas Bohier, continued by Diana of Poitiers, and completed by Catharine de' Medici, who richly embellished the building and surrounded it with a beautiful park. It passed into private hands. The castle is in excellent preservation.
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Chenstochow
a town of Poland, near the left bank of the Warthe river. It is on the Warsaw-Vienna railway. Prior to the World War the town was of considerable industrial importance, containing cotton mills, iron foundries, breweries, flour mills, etc. Near by is the famous monastery of the order of St. Paul the Hermit, visited annually by many thousands of pilgrims. Pop. about 75,000.
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Chephren
or CEPHREN (kef' rên), was the successor of Cheops as King of Egypt, and the builder of the second pyramid. His name is properly Khafra.
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Chepstow
a town and port in England, Monmouthshire, on the Wye, 14 miles N. by W. of Bristol. The high tides of the Wye allow large ships to reach the town, which is very ancient, and has a castle, portions of which date back to the Conquest.
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Cher
department of a central France, named from the river Cher, and formed from part of the old provinces of Berry and Bourbonnais; area, 2,819 square miles; capital, Bourges. The surface is in general flat, but is diversified in the N. by chains of inconsiderable hills. Soil various, but fertile in the neighborhood of the Loire and Allier. The forests and pastures are extensive. More grain and wine are produced than the demands of the inhabitants require. The preparations and manufacture of iron, called Berry-iron, is the principal branch of industry. Pop. about 335,000.
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Cherasco
a walled town in the province of Cuneo, north Italy, 37 miles S. S. E. of Turin. It markets grain, wine, and truffles. During the Middle Ages Cherasco was one of the chief fortresses of north Italy, but its works were destroyed by the French in 1801. A peace was concluded here between Louis XIII. of France and the Duke of Savoy in 1631, and another between the Sardinian commissioners and Napoleon in 1796. Pop. about 10,000.
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Cherbuliez
CHARLES VICTOR (shār-bü-lya'), French romancist; a born in Geneva, July 19, 1829. Having studied in the universities of Geneva, Paris, Bonn and Berlin, he became in 1864 one of the editors of the "Revue des Deux Mondes." He gained distinction as art critic and observer of public affairs, and by his romances, under the pseudonym "G. Valbert." His romances are characterized by clever treatment of the problems of domestic and social life and a fine psychological analysis, with a marked bias for description of odd characters. Among his most successful novels are: "Romance of a Respectable Woman" (1866); "Ladislas Bolski's Adventure" (1869); "Samuel Brohl & Co." (1877). He died in Combs-la-Ville, June 30, 1899.
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Cherokee Indians
a tribe of the Appalachian family of North American aborigines, which occupied for centuries the country E. and S. of the Alleghenies. After the colonization of North America by the whites, a series of wars broke out at periods ranging from 1759 to 1793; when, by a treaty entered into with the United States, they ceded their territory in the Southeastern States, in consideration of a certain cash payment, and an annual subsidy being continued to them. In 1805 they made further concessions of their lands, and, in 1812, fought bravely on the American side. In 1817- 1819 new treaties were made, which resulted in the Cherokees being forced to a reservation of territory afforded them W. of the Mississippi. A remnant of the tribe remained, however , in the original reservation in North Carolina. In the Indian Territory they occupied an area of 7,861 square miles in the N. E. The Cherokees, up to 1906, when they disbanded as a tribe and became citizens of the United States, had a chief, an assistant, and a legislature , all chosen by vote. The total number of Cherokees of pure and mixed blood is about 20,000. In the original North Carolina reservation the Cherokees number about 1,500.
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Cheronea
a city of Beotia, in ancient Greece, near the Cephissus, the borders of Phocis. Philip II., King of Macedon, defeated the united Bœotian and Athenian forces near this place, 338 B. C.; and here, also, Sylla defeated the generals of Mithridates VI. 86 B. C. Plutarch was born here. A few ruins of Chæronea are still existing.
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Chersonese
a peninsula , united by an isthmus to the mainland. There were many Chersonese, of which the most celebrated are the Pelo ponnesus ; the Thracian, at the S. of Thrace and W. of the Hellespont, where Miltiades led a colony of Athenians, now the PENINSULA OF GALLIPOLI (q. v.); the Taurica, now the Crimea, situate near the Palus Mæotis; the fourth, called Cimbrica, now Jutland , and the fifth, surnamed Aurea , now Malacca, in India, beyond the Ganges. Virginia, and dividing the former State CHESAPEAKE BAY , in Maryland and Atlantic coast of the United States, being into two parts, is the largest inlet on the 200 miles long, and from 4 to 40 broad. Cape Charles, and on the S. Cape Henry, Its entrance, 12 miles wide, has on the N. bay has numerous arms, which receive both promontories being in Virginia . The many navigable rivers, such as the Sus pahannock, and York on the W., and the quehanna on the N., the Potomac, Rap- James on the S. W. Unlike the shallow sounds toward the S., this network of gulfs and estuaries, with its noble feeders, affords depth of water for ships of up to the wharves of Baltimore and the any burden, virtually carrying the ocean arsenal of Washington.
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Cherubim
Certain mystic appearances of the angelic type, often represented as figures wholly or partly human, and with wings proceeding from the shoulders. We find the first mention of these beings in connection with the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden; and they are frequently spoken of in later biblical history. Sometimes the cherubim have two or more faces, or are of composite animal form.
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