Chesterfield (Market town of Derbyshire)
a market town of Derbyshire, England. It is at the junction of the Hipper and Rother rivers. There are important manufactures of cotton, silk, machinery, and earthenware. In the neighborhood are important deposits of coal, clay, slate, and lead. A canal connects Chesterfield with the Trent river. It is also on the main line of the Midland railway. It contains an ancient grammar school, a technical school, and a public library. Pop. about 45,000.
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Chesterfield, Earl of
Earl of (1694-1773), an English officeholder. He held various positions under George I, as gentleman of the bedchamber to the Prince of Wales , ambassador to Holland, and lord lieutenant of Ireland. He wrote essays, critical and humorous, as well as a series of letters to his son,--little essays full of worldly wisdom, shrewd advice, caustic comment, and insincerity. Though unprincipled, he was eloquent in his manner, and posed as a patron of letters. He pretended to encourage Samuel Johnson in the publication of his dictionary. When Dr. Johnson became convinced of the earl's duplicity he finished the work without his aid. At its publication Chesterfield attempted to revive the old relationship. Dr. Johnson published an open letter to him, which is considered the most scathing and caustic of the sort in literature. A single sentence must suffice by way of quotation: Is not a patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help? Lord Chesterfield was not without political penetration. Concluding a letter prior to the French Revolution , he writes, "In short, all the symptoms which I have ever met with in history previous to great changes and revolutions in government now exist and daily increase in France." See Johnson
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Chesterton
CECIL EDWARD, an Kensington English author; born at , at St. Nov. 12, 1879. He was educated journalism in Paul's School and entered the "Out- 1901. He wrote at first for look" and later contributed to a large circle of magazines and journals. He and tended toward radicalism in politics, his energies were largely devoted to the exposure of corruption and inefficiency in public life. He founded the "New Witness" in 1912, and continued in the editorship until 1916. He served during the World War in the Highland Light Infantry. Among his publications are: "Gladstonian Ghosts" (1905); "Party and People" (1910), "The Prussian Hath Said in His Heart" (1914); and "The Perils of Peace" (1916). He died in 1920.
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Chesterton
GILBERT K. In 1922 he made a tour of the United States. The announcement of his conversion to Roman Catholicism occurred the same year and created a deep impression in church circles.
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Chesterton (GILBERT KEITH a British author)
GILBERT KEITH, a British author and journalist; born at Kensington in 1874. He received his and soon education at Slade School, developed a marked bent for writing. He his wit and speedily became noted for his paradoxical style as well as for his wide range of information. Besides his contributions to periodicals he wrote many books, of which the most notable were: "Browning" (in English Men of "Heretics" Letters Series) (1904); (1905); "The Man Who Was Thursday" (1908); "The Ball and the Cross" (1910); "The Wisdom of Father Brown" (1914); "A Short History of England" (1917).
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Chevalier
an honor- 18th ary title given, especially in the century, to younger sons of French noble families. Both the Old and Young Pretender were called the Chevalier by their partisans. In a general way it is used with the same significance as KNIGHT (q. v.).
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Chevalier
ALBERT, a London comedian; born March 21, 1861. He apstage in public when only peared on the eight years old, and subsequently took part in plays with Mr. and Mrs. Kendal, John Hare, and other eminent players. His greatest success however, was achieved appearing singly in vaudeville houses and music halls, in the charcharacteracter of a London coster. His ization of this product of the British metropolis was so amusing and true to life as to create a furore. He was the author of more than a hundred monologues, sketches, and plays.
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Cheviot
shev'i-ot, originally a strong twilled woolen fabric woven from the coarse wool of the Cheviot sheep. This cloth was finished with a rough, shaggy nap. It was firm and durable and much in demand for men's fine clothing. In recent years a great variety of cheviots are manufactured, the name indicating the finish rather than the wool used. Cheviot is in demand for women's as well as men's suits, and is made in many weights and qualities. Two styles of finish are in use, "rough" and "close," the difference consisting, not in the process, but in the degree to which the process is carried. The cloth is washed in soap and water; fulled, to shrink it in both length and breadth; then "gigged" to raise the nap, more or less dense, as desired, over the entire surface; then sheared to cut the nap to a uniform level. After pressing, examining for defects, brushing, pressing again, and steaming, the fabric is ready to be put up for market. Cheviot shirting is a name given to a large and varied class of cotton shirting. Its distinguishing features are a single, but heavy thread in both warp and weft, a pattern, usually check or stripe, produced in the loom, and a soft finish. It is woven either plain or twilled. See Gigging ; Fulling ; Shearing
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Cheviot Hills
a mountain range on the border line between Scotland and England. A central peak, to which Scott refers in his Marmion as "Cheviot's mountain lone," is 2,676 feet high. It stands 500 feet in the clear above Carter Fell, the next in height. The head waters of the Liddel, the Tyne, and some of the branches of the Tweed have their sources here. It is a fine grouse country, and, until recently, a haunt of the golden eagle. The upland pastures have given rise to a fine breed of sheep called cheviots, whence the name for a loosely woven woolen cloth used for suitings. The region is celebrated in story and song as the scene of border forays. Scott has occasion to describe its fastnesses a number of times in his tales. The celebrated border ballad of Chevy Chase , found in Percy's Reliques, relates to the hunting or chase in the mountains of the Cheviot: God prosper long our noble king, Our liffes and safetyes all; A woefull hunting once there did In Chevy-Chace befall.
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