Clerk
one who is employed in an office, store, etc., subject to a higher authority; a secretary, as, the Clerk of the House of Representatives or Senate; Clerks of the various courts, etc. In England a parish officer, a layman, whose business used to be to lead the responses in the church services and to perform other duties connected with the parish; a parish Clerk. CLERK - MAXWELL, JAMES, a Scotch physicist; born in Edinburgh, Nov. 13, 1831. He was a Professor of Natural Philosophy in Marischal College, Aberdeen, in 1856-1860; of Physics and Astronomy in King's College, London, in 1860-1865; and of Experimental Physics in the University of Cambridge in 1871. Among his most important works are: "Essay on the Stability of Motion of Saturn's Rings," "Theory of Heat," "Electricity and Magnetism," and "Matter and Motion." He died Nov. 5, 1879.
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Clerkenwell
One of the great watch and clock centers of England. It is one of the parishes of London, and within its limits every branch of the watch trade is carried on.
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Clermont
THE, the name given by Robert Fulton to the steamboat in which CLERMON THE "CLERMONT" he made his first trip from New York City to Albany in 1807. CLERMONT-FERRAND (klār-mōn'fa-rän'), a town of France, capital of the department of Puy-de-Dôme; on a hill at the foot of the volcanic range in which the summit of the Puy is conspicuous. It possessed considerable importance under the Romans, and became a bishop's see at a very early period. It is an antique and gloomy town built of dark volcanic stone. The most remarkable edifices are the cathedral, a huge, irregular, gloomy and the Church of Notre Dame, founded in 580. The manufactures are extensive, and the position of the town makes it an important center of trade. Pop. about 70,000. CLERMONT-TONNERRE (klār-mōn'ton-nār'), the name of a noble French family, of whom one of the most celebrated was Count Stanislas, born in 1747. At the breaking out of the Revolution of 1789 he endeavored to promote constitutional the establishment of a monarchy, founding with Malouet the Monarchical Club, and with Fontanes the Journal des Impartiaux. In 1791 he was charged with assisting the King in his attempt to escape, but was set free on swearing fidelity to the Assembly. In 1792, however, he was murdered by the mob at the house of the Countess de Brissac.
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Cleveland Heights
a city of Ohio, in Cuyahoga co. It is a suburb of Cleveland. Pop. (1910) 2,955; (1920) 15,236.
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Clews
HENRY, an American financier; born in Staffordshire, England, Aug. 14, 1840; studied for the ministry, but left school to embark on a mercantile career in New York, where his father had taken him on a visit. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was appointed by Secretary of the Treasury Chase government financial agent to continue the sale of bond issues to finance the war. In 1877 he organized and has since been the head of the firm of Henry Clews & Co. In recognition of his service during the war, he was chosen by President Grant fiscal agent of the United States for all toreign nations. He twice declined the portfolio of Secretary of the Treasury. Among other works he wrote "Twenty-eight Years in Wall Street" (1885); "The Wall Street Point of View" (1900); "Speeches and Essays" (1910). CLICHÉ (klē-shā), an electrotype or a stereotype cast from an engraving, especially from a wood-cut.
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Cliche
The forming of metal objects by means of forcing a die into heated metal.
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Click
A pawl or dog which falls into a ratchet wheel and prevents it from turning backward, and is usually held in position by means of a spring, known as the click spring. A ratchet wheel with click is fixed to the barrel arbor of watches and clocks to maintain the mainspring after being wound.
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Clifton
a city of New Jersey in Passaic co., on the Erie and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroads. It is an important industrial city, having large cotton and worsted mills, and is also the center of an important agricultural and horticultural region. It has electricity for power and lighting, an abundant supply of water power, and many handsome business buildings. Pop. (1910) 11,869; (1920) 26,470.
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Clifton Forge
a city of Virginia, in Allegheny co. It is on the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad. Its industries include railway shops, flour mills, and machine works. In the neighborhood are deposits of iron ore and limestone. Pop. (1910) 5,748; (1920) 6,164.
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Climbing-Perch
a sort of spiny-rayed fish remarkable for its need of fresh air and its ability to climb. It is a native of the East Indies. During rainy weather it leaves the water and actually ascends the trunks of palm trees to a height somewhat above a man's head in search of flies and other insects. It manages to climb by means of its tail, fins, and the peculiar saw-shaped edges of its gill covers. In this manner it advances its body an inch or so at a time. The story of climbing fishes was long regarded as an invention of the oriental imagination, or of equally untrustworthy travelers; but it is now accepted by scientists. "A fish out of water" is popularly supposed to be an impossibility, or, at the most, a very uncomfortable one; but this fish seems to be an exception. Sacs of water in the sides of the head seem to supply the moisture needed by the gills. See Fish
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Clinton, De Witt
De Witt (1769-1828), a governor of New York . He was a lawyer of New York City and held many important positions, including the mayoralty of the city and a seat in the United States Senate; but his chief service was an insistent, intelligent, foreseeing advocacy, in season and out of season, of the building of the Erie Canal from Buffalo, through the Mohawk Valley, to the Hudson. The story of his struggles with prejudice, ignorance, indifference, delay, and jealousy, and his final triumphant ride in the autumn of 1825 in a barge from one end of the completed waterway to the other, reads like a romance. He died in office. The commercial supremacy and growth of New York date from the successful issue of Governor Clinton's policy. See New York ; Erie Canal
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