Caldecott
RANDOLPH, an English artist; born in Chester, England, artist: March 22, 1846. In 1882 he became a member of the Institute of Painters in Water-colors. He will chiefly be remembered by the admirable "Caldecott's Picture-books," which began in 1878, with "John Gilpin" and "The House that Jack Built." After vain attempts to restore his health by trips abroad, he died in St. Augustine, Fla., Feb. 12, 1886.
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Calder
WILLIAM M., an American senator, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1869. He was elected in 1904 to represent the 6th New York district in the 59th Congress; was re-elected to the four succeeding Congresses. He was chosen delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1908, 1912 and 1916. In 1916 he was elected United States Senator for the term beginning March 4, 1917.
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Calendar Clock
A clock which shows the progress of the calendar. In a simple calendar the mechanism has to be adjusted at the end of all months having less than thirty-one days. In a perpetual calendar the correct indications during short months and leap years are performed without adjustment.
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Calendula
a genus of plants, of which C. officinalis, the Garden Marigold, is a species. They are showy plants, and are in some places used in cookery.
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Caleton
HENRY GUY, an American journalist and dramatist, born in Fort Union, New Mexico, June 21, 1855. He pursued journalism in New Orleans and New York City, and has written several plays: "Memnon, a Tragedy"; and "The and "Victor Durand" (1884); Pembertons" (1890). He died Dec. 10, 1910.
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Calgary
a city in the Province of Alberta, Canada, with station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, 2,262 miles W. of Montreal. It stands 3,380 feet above sea-level, in a broad and level valley between the Bow and Elbow rivers, and is a trading center for a wide district, much of which is taken up by cattle ranches. It is the seat of the University of Calgary and of Mount Royal College (Methodist), and has numerous other educational institutions, churches, banks, etc. It is important as a milling center and its industrial establishments have greatly grown in recent years both in numbers and in importance, including now brickyards, cement mills, iron and metal works, packing houses, etc. Coal, lime, clay, and building stone are abundant in the vicinity. It dates from 1884. Pop. about 70,000.
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California
GULF OF, or SEA OF
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Caliper
Caliper compasses are very serviceable tools in a foundry doing general work of a superior order. No consideration of false economy should be tolerated that does not furnish ample means for obtaining correct measurements. These tools especially should be of a reliable character. They may now be obtained in an endless variety of styles and finish from the supply dealers throughout the country. See GAUGE.
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Calipers
Compasses having two curved legs or fingers pivoted together and used either to measure the inside or outside diameter of bodies. Calipers are divided into two classes, known as inside and outside calipers. They are used by watchmakers for determining the diameter of staffs and pinions, for testing the truth of wheels, etc. Calipers are sometimes used in poising balances, the balance staff being centered between the points of the calipers. For this purpose a hole is drilled in the calipers and jewels are inserted. Thompson's jeweled calipers, shown in Fig. 46, have garnet jewels inserted in the points of the arms at one end, and hardened steel bearings in the other. The Euclid Double Calipers are very useful tools, as they give on the lower limbs an inside measurement corresponding to the outside measurement of the upper limbs. By adding a stop screw to the common double calipers as shown in Fig. 47, a very handy tool can be made, as the tool can be opened and removed from the work and closed again exactly the same amount. See Gauge. CALLET, F. A thorough mechanic and skilled calculator. He was born at Versailles, France, in 1744, and died in 1798.
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Calisaya Bark
a variety of Peruvian or cinchona bark, namely, that of Cinchona calisaya or flava.
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Calisthenics
or CALLISTHEN- ICS, a name for exercises for promoting gracefulness and strength, and comprising the more gentle forms of gymnastics, especially for girls.
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Calixtines
a Christian sect in Bohemia, the more moderate of the two great sections into which the Hussites were divided in 1420. of several
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Calixtus
the name popes: CALIXTUS I., Roman bishop in 217; succeeded Zephyrinus in 219; suffered martyrdom in 223. CALIXTUS II., son of Count William of Burgundy, archbishop of Vienna, and papal legate in France; was elected in 1119 in the monastery of Clugny, successor of the expelled pope, Gelasius II. He made his entrance into Italy in 1120, and, with great pomp, into Rome itself; took Gregory VIII. prisoner in 1121 by the aid of the Normans, and availed himself of the troubles of the emperor to force him, in 1122, to agree to the Concordat of Worms. He died in 1124. CALIXTUS III., the title under which Alfonso Borgia, a Spanish nobleman and counsellor of Alfonso, king of Aragon and the Sicilies, was made pope in 1455. In order to appease the displeasure ocgs of the councasioned by the proceedings Basel, he insticils of Constance and Basel, gated a crusade against the Turks. He died in 1458.
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Calking
kauk’ing, the art of making the seams of wooden ships water-tight. By means of a dull, thin instrument and a mallet, the calker drives loose, tarry oakum, usually untwisted rope, cotton, or the like, into the cracks or seams between the planks of a ship’s bottom and sides to prevent the entrance of water. After the crevice is driven full a coating of hot, melted pitch is applied to the seam.
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Call of the House
a roll-call in a parliamentary body to ascertain what members are absent without leave. In the United States Congress a call may be ordered at any time. In the British Parliament the rules require that notice of several days be given. A member of Congress may be expelled for neglect to attend. In this way even a minority may require the presence of enough members to do business.
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