Chowa
a town of Poland, 148 miles S. W. of Warsaw by rail. A Catholic monastery, founded here about 1382, is visited yearly by 50,000 to 60,000 pilgrims, as possessing the famous "Black Virgin," a murky painting of Byzantine origin, but ascribed by legend to St. Luke himself. In 1655 Czenstochau was the only place in Poland which offered resistance to Charles Gustavus of Sweden, when 70 monks and 150 soldiers for 38 days held out against 10,000 men. The inhabitants, about 18,000, carry on a considerable trade in sacred pictures and rosaries.
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Chremhild
krem'hilt, the beautiful heroine of the Nibelungenlied. In the Edda and Volsunga Saga her counterpart is Gudrun. See Nibelungenlied
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Chrisoletus
Is stone, which if bound round with gold and carried in the left hand drives away night-hags and pre-. serves from melancholy, illusions and witches. Its virtue is the greater if a hole be made in it, and the hairs of an ass passed through.
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Christ
. See Jesus Christ Christ's Hospital, a celebrated charity school in Newgate Street, London. The word hospital formerly meant an institution for furnishing hospitality to, or caring for, the needy. Hence the name was given frequently to charity schools. The school was founded in 1653 by Edward VI for orphan children. At some times as many as a thousand boys and girls have been in attendance, receiving board, clothes, and instruction. The boys wear a very noticeable uniform--a long blue woolen coat, with clergyman's bands at the neck, a red leather belt, yellow silk stockings, low shoes, and no hats. From this costume, they have been called Bluecoat boys and the school is commonly known as the Bluecoat School. Many noted Englishmen received their early education at Christ's Hospital--Coleridge, Lamb, and Leigh Hunt among them. In the days of Coleridge and Lamb, the life was a hard one. The food was poor and scanty, the work wearisome, holidays few, and floggings many and severe. In the Essays of Elia Lamb has written an account of this school and his friendships there, under the title, Christ's Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago. Christ's Hospital has been for some years under a new and much improved scheme of management.
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Christ
DISCIPLES OF. See Dis- CIPLES OF CHRIST.
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Christ (DISCIPLES OF ruler's guilt But)
DISCIPLES OF ruler's guilt. But as the cry, "Crucify him," "crucify him," continued to rise from the multitude, he resolved to avoid unpopularity at the expense of moral principle, and gave sentence that it should be as the Jews required. The crucifixion therefore took place (Matt. xxvii; Mark xv; Luke xxiii; John xix). Friday was the day when the nefarious deed was done, and three days later, or early on Sunday morning, news was brought to the Apostles, and the Church generally by certain women of their company who had visited the sepulcher, that a resurrection had taken place Matt. xxviii; Mark xvi; Luke uke xxiv; John xx, xxi). At At a subsequent inter interview with their risen Lord He gave the Apostles and their successors a commission to make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost (Matt. xxviii, 19, etc.); and about 40 days after the crucifixion He led them out as far as Bethany and lifted up His hands and blessed them. "And it came to pass, while He blessed them, He was parted from them, and carried up into heaven" (Luke xxiv: 50, 51). He had predicted His cruel death, His resurrection on the third day (Matt. xx: 19), and His ascension (John xx: 17), and had intimated that at a future period He would again return to the earth in glory (Matt. xxvi: 64, etc.).
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Christ (ORDER OF on the abolition)
ORDER OF, on the abolition of the Templars by Clement V., in 1312, King Dionysius of Portugal preserved the order in his dominions, but changed its title to that of The Knights of Christ, or The Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ. This arrangement was sanctioned by Pope John XXII., in 1319. The seat of the order was transferred from Castro- Marino to Thomar in 1366. The new order afterward attained such power that King John III. was obliged to obtain an edict from Pope Hadrian VI., 1522, by which the grandmastership of the order became vested in the kings of Portugal. religious
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Christ's College
a college in Cambridge, England, founded in 1506. It has about 200 undergraduates, 15 fellowships, and 30 scholarships.
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Christadelphians
a body who believe that God will raise all who love Him to an endless life in this world, but that those who do not shall absolutely perish in death; that Christ is the Son of God, inheriting moral perfection from the Deity, our human nature from His mother; and that there is no personal devil. In the United States they had about 70 organizations with about 2,000 members. Their founder fused to become partner in the Jewish was Dr. John Thomas, an Englishman, who came to the United States in 1844.
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Christensen
PARLEY PARKER, an American politician; born in Weston, Ida., July 19, 1869. He was educated in the public schools of Utah and was graduated from the State university in 1891. He took a further course at Cornell University, receiving from that institution the degree of LL. B. in 1897. In September of that year he was admitted to the bar of Utah and in 1905 to the United States Supreme Court. In 1895 he was the district attorney of Salt Lake co., Utah. He was a member of the House in the Utah State Legislature in 1915. He was nominated for president of the United States by the FARMER-LABOR PARTY (q. v.), July 15, 1920.
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Christian Brothers' College
a Roman Catholic institution for higher education in St. Louis, Mo., chartered in CHRISTIAN II., the Cruel, succeeded 1855. It includes collegiate, scientific, commercial, and preparatory departments. The library contains about 20,- 000 volumes. The annual enrollment is about 500.
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Christian Catholic Church
a denominational organization, founded in 1896 by the Rev. John Alexander Dowie, a former Congregational minister in Australia. He attracted a large following by preaching faith healing and announcing himself as the reincarnation of the prophet Elijah. He established the center of activities in Zion City, near Chicago, where a large amount of property was acquired and many institutions and business enterprises were founded. Dowie was successful in securing a large number of believers, until 1903, when he attempted to carry on a missionary campaign in New York. This was a failure and the ridicule which followed it led finally to his deposition and death. He was succeeded by W. G. Voliva as Overseer of the Church. The religious aspect of the organization decreased, while its industrial development at Zion City continued. Difficulties arose, however, which resulted in financial complications and in 1910 the enterprises of Zion City were sold at auction. The denomination has branches in Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, and in various parts of Europe.
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