Coahuila
a State of Mexico, separated from Texas by the Rio Grande, has an area of 63,786 square miles, partly mountainous, and forming in the W. a part of the wilderness of the Bolson de Mapimi. The climate is healthy, though extremes of heat and cold are usual. The State is rich in minerals, especially silver, and coal has been found. It has valuable pasturage, and in many parts a most fertile soil. The Mexican International railway, traversing the State from N. to S., has conthe United States. He died in Moins- tributed much in recent years to the development of its resources; several cot ton-factories and a large number of flour-mills are in operation. Pop. about 400,000; capital, Saltillo (pop. about 40,000).
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Coal Oil
a name sometimes given to PETROLEUM (q. v.).
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Coal Strike
1922. (See UNITED STATES, 1922-23.)
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Coal Tar
tar produced in the destructive distillation of bituminous coal. It is a thick, sticky, dark-colored substance, and is used in the manufacture of printers' ink, for asphalt pavements, coating ships, etc. The composition of coal tar varies according to the temperature at which the coal is distilled, the higher the temperature the larger being the yield of solid bodies. Coal tar when distilled first gives off gas, then water containing ammoniacal salts salts, then a brown light oil which, when purified, is called coal-naphtha; at higher temperatures a yellow, heavy, fœtid oil called dead-oil, or creosote oil, then naphthalene; afterward the black residue in the retort solidifies on cooling and forms pitch, which is used to form asphalt, and a black varnish to protect iron from rust. If the distillation is continued, the pitch yields a yellow substance like butter, containing anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene; afterward, at red heat, a bright orange powder, consisting chiefly of pyrene C16H10 and chrysene C18H12; the residue forms a hard, porous coke. Coal tar colors are dyes prepared from aniline, naphthalene, phenol, and other compounds contained in coal tar. See DYE- ING. COAL TAR COLORS. See DYEING.
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Coal-dust
Commonly called sea-coal facing is ground from bituminous coal that has been selected for its freedom from slate, sulphur, or any other substance of a deleterious nature. When this dust is mixed with the sand, it breaks up and separates the fusible elements contained therein, and that which is not separated is more or less impregnated with the gas produced. Fusing of the sand is by this means partially prevented by reason of the hydrogen and carbon which the sea-coal contains. Experience teaches just how much coal-dust is required for this purpose; but it is seldom that more than one of coal to six of sand can be used, as any higher percentage will produce a too open mixture which results in streaked blotches on the castings, caused by the molten iron searching out the surplus coal and consuming it. See FACING-SAND; FACING.
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Coaldale
a borough of Pennsylvania, in Schuylkill co. It is on the Lehigh and New England, and the Central of New Jersey railroads, and is the center of an important coal mining region. Pop. (1910) 5,154; (1920) 6,336.
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Coan
TITUS (kō'an), an American missionary; born in Killingworth, Conn., Feb. 1, 1801. After spending several months (1833-1834) on a dangerous exploring expedition in Patagonia, he went to the Sandwich Islands (1835), occupying the Hilo station 47 years, and in that time converting nverting 14,000 natives. He wrote: "Adventures in Patagonia" (1880); "Life in Hawaii" (1881). He died at Hilo, Hawaii, Dec. 1, 1882.
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Coanza
or KUANZA, a river of Portuguese West Africa, flows generally N. W., and enters the Atlantic about 30 miles S. of St. Paul de Loando, by a mouth over a mile broad. It is navigable for light vessels as far as the Cambambe cataracts, over 120 miles.
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Coast Guard
a formerly under the customs department, and intended only to prevent smuggling, but now organized also for purposes of defense and governed by the admiralty. The men, who are generally old men-ofwar's men of good character, have high pay, and are furnished with free cottages. The force numbers with officers and men about 4,000. In the United States the force is part of the Treasury Department. See COAST SURVEY, UNITED STATES.
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Coatesville
a borough of Pennsylvania, in Chester co., on the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads. It is an important industrial center and has manufactures of iron and steel, boilers, brass works, silk, tobacco, automobiles, etc. Its notable buildings include the Y. M. C. A. building and a hospital. Pop. (1910) 11,084; (1920) 14,515.
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Coati
or COATI-MONDI, a name of South American plantigrade carnivorous 5 COAST DEFENSE 6. Observation Stand. 7. Disappearing Guns. 4. Battery Chief's Station. mammals, of the genus Nasua, belonging to the ursidæ or bears, but recalling rather the raccoon or civet, and having a long proboscis or snout. They feed on worms, insects, and the smaller quadrupeds, but chiefly on eggs and young birds. COAT OF ARMS. See HERALDRY.
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Coating Metals
Important: Safety Warning
This page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes.
This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon.
Iron castings may be coated with gold or silver by first cleaning and then boiling, in a porcelain vessel, containing water 12, muriatic acid (sp. gr. 1.2) 1 1/2, iron vitriol 2, zinc 1, mercury 12. A layer of mercury is soon deposited on the iron, upon which the gold amalgam may be distributed. For silvering, the iron must be first coated with copper, and the silver applied in the leaf or by means of amalgam. See ZINC COATING; TINNING; SILVERING; GILDING.
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Cobaltic Oxide
Manganese. Cadmium. Alloy for Tea Pots 88.55 9.94 0.88 9.53 Alloy for Knives and Forks 10 1 100 Alloy for Opera Glasses 20 20 100 Alloy Resembling Silver 20 55 25 Alloy Resembling Silver 57 5 6.5 20 Alloy for Gongs and Bells 25 100 Alloy, Non-Magnetic 45to75 20to25 15to30 Bell Metal, American 11 39 Bell Metal, Japanese 5 3 1 2 10 Bronze, Japanese 4.36 1.86 9.9 82.72 0.55 Bronze, Manganese 20 54.50 25.50 Bronze for Medals 4 50 Bronze for
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Coban
a city of Guatemala, the capital of the department Alta Vera Paz. It is the center of a fertile agricultural district producing coffee, vanilla, and sugar cane. Pop. about 32,000 .
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