Cod-Liver Oil
an oil obtained from the liver of the common cod. There are three kinds known in commerce, viz., dark-brown, the last possessing a very disagreeable d smell. Cod-liver oil was first recomduced by diseases of the lungs about the year 1833.
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Coda
in music, an adjunct to the close of a composition, for the purpose of enforcing the final character of the movement.
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Coddington
WILLIAM, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island; born in England, in 1601, and arrived in Massachusetts in 1630. He remained in 1 Boston for several years, but disagreements with the authorities caused him to remove in 1638 to Aquidneck, or Rhode Island, where he founded a colony to be governed "by the laws of the Lord Jesus Christ." This scheme was soon abandoned, and in 1640 he himself was chosen governor. He was unable to secure the reception of Rhode Island into the colonial confederacy. In 1674 and 1675 he was again elected governor. He died in 1678.
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Codeia
CODEINA, or CODEINE (C18H21NO3 Or C17H18 (CH3 NO3, methyl morphine), an alkaloid obtained by digesting opium with warm water, precipitating the meconic acid with calcium chloride, and concentrating the filtrate; the hydrochlorates of morphine an codeine crystallize out first, and may be separated by treating their aqueous solution with ammonia, which precipitates the morphine; the liquid is then evaporated, and the codeine is precipitated by caustic potash and recrystallized from ether.
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Codicil
a supplement to a will, whereby anything omitted is added, or any change demanded by the altered circumstances of the testator or the beneficiaries, is affected. A codicil is authenticated in the same manner as a will, and possesses the same privileges when holograph, or written by the hand of the testator himself.
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Codilla
the coarsest part of hemp hemp and also of flax, sorted out and separated from the rest. CODLIN MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella), a small moth which infests apple trees. In the Northern States it flies in May, laying its eggs in the calyx after the blossoms fall; in a few days days the larva hatches, in three weeks it becomes fully grown.
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Codliver Oil
. See Cod ; Oil ; Lofoden
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Codman
JOHN, an American seacaptain and miscellaneous writer; born in Dorchester, Mass., 1814. He was author of "Sailors' Life and Sailors' Yarns" (1847); "The Mormon Country" (1876); "Round Trip by Way of Panama, etc." (1879); "Winter Sketches from the Saddle" (1888); etc. He died in Boston, Mass., April 6, 1900.
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Codrus
The last king of Athens , son of Melanthus. When the Heraclidae made war against Athens, the oracle said that the victory would be granted to that nation whose king was killed in battle. The Heraclidae on hearing this gave orders to spare the life of Codrus, but the patriotic king disguised himself, and, engaging with one of the enemy, was killed. The Athenians obtained the victory, and Codrus was regarded as the savior of his country. Coelus or Uranus. An ancient deity supposed to be the father of Saturn, Oceanus, and Hyperion . Colchis or Colchos. A country of Asia famous for the expedition of the Argonauts, and as being the birthplace of Medea . Collatinus, L. Tarquinius. A nephew of Tarquin the Proud. He married Lucretia . He, with Brutus, drove the Tarquins from Rome. Colonia Agrippina , or Agrippinensis (Cologne on the Rhine). Originally the chief town of the Ubii, and called Oppidum, or Civitas Ubiorum, was a place of small importance till A. D. 51, when a Roman colony was planted in the town by the emperor Cladius, at the instigation of his wife Agrippina, who was born here, and from whom it derived its new name. It soon became a large and flourishing city, and was the capital of Lower Germany.
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Cody
WILLIAM FREDERICK, a former United States Government scout; born in Scott co., Ia., Feb. 26, 1845; better known as "Buffalo Bill," a name earned while employed by the Kansas Pacific railway to furnish meat for its laborers, when he slaughtered 4,280 buffaloes in 18 months. He was an unerring shot, a fearless rider and had some thrilling adventures among the savages. In 1872 he was elected to the Nebraska Legislature, and in 1883 organized the "Wild West Show," with which he toured for 20 years. Author, "Life of Hon. W. F. Cody" (1879); "Story of the Wild West" (1888); "Adver ventures of Buffalo Bill" (1904); "True Tales of the Plains" (1908). Died in 1917.
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Coe College
a coeducational institution in Cedar Rapids, Ia.; organized in 1881, under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church; reported at the end of 1919: Professors and instructors, 61; students, 1,032; president, J. A. Marquis, D. D., LL. D.
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Coefficient
a number or known quantity, prefixed as a multiplier before a known or unknown quantity of letters, into which such quantity or letters are supposed to be multiplied. Thus in the expressions, 4a, 3ab, ex, 4 is the coefficient of a, 3 of ab, and c of x.
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Coeur de Lion
kur de li'on, lion-hearted, a name given to Richard I of England, because of his courage. See Richard
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Coffee Bug
an insect of the coccus family, very destructive in coffee plantations.
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Coffee-House
a house of entertainment where persons are supplied with coffee and other refreshments. Formerly the chief resort of every class for purposes of conversation and information. It was the central meeting-place of politicians, literary men, etc. Constantinople is believed to have been the first European capital in which coffee-houses were instituted, the year of their establishment there being A. D. 1554. In 1650 the first one in England was opened in Oxford. They were suppressed by Charles II. in 1675, but were soon again allowed to be re-opened.
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Coffer Fish
a peculiar genus of bony fishes in the small order Plectognathi, and in the family Sclerodermi, which also includes the file-fishes. The body is inclosed in a firm box formed of hexagonal bony scales fitted into one another like a mosaic. The best known form is O. quadricornis from the tropical Atlantic.
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Coffeyville
a city of Kansas, in Montgomery co. It is on the Missouri Pacific, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, and the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern railroads, and on the Verdigris river. Its industries include planing and flour mills, railroad shops, oil refineries, glass factory, packing plant, brick works, etc. Pop. (1910) 12,687; (1920) 13,452.
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