Columbanus
ST. and subsequently established churches in Ireland. About 563 he in the island of Hy, now called and founded his Church. About 565 he went on a mission of conversion among the northern Picts, and traversed the whole of northern Scotland, preaching the Christian faith and founding monasteries, subject to that which he had set up on the island of Hy. The Columban Church was in some points of doctrine and ceremonial opposed to that of Rome. Shortly before his death he revisited Ireland. There is a known life of St. Columba, "Vita Sancti Columbæ," written by St. Adamnan, abbot of Iona. He died in Iona, 597.
ST., a monk; born in Ireland about 540. He went to in 590, and founded the celebrated astery of Luxeuil, over which he pre- 10,836. sided for 20 years. The enmity of Queen Brunehaut caused him to be ordered back to Ireland, from whence he journeyed into Italy, where he founded the monastery of Bobbio in 615. The order of the Columbans was united to that of the Benedictines in the beginning of the 8th century.
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Columbarium
dove-cote a se. When used in the singular pigeon-house. Whe Columbarium also signifies a particular kind of sepulchral chamber used by the Romans to receive the ashes of bodies which had been burned.
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Columbella
a genus of mollusks, of the family Buccinidæ; small, prettily marked shells, with a long narrow aperture, a thickened and dentated outer lip, a crenulated inner one, a small lamellar operculum. Recent species known 205, fossil 8. The former are from the subtropical and tropical parts of the old and new worlds; the latter from the Tertiary,
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Columbia River
after the Yukon the largest river on the W. side of America; rises in British Columbia, on the W. slope of the Rocky Mountains, near Mounts Brown and Hooker, in about lat. 50° N.; has a very irregular course, generally S. W. through Washington; forms the N. boundary of Oregon for about 350 miles; and enters the Pacific by an estuary 35 miles long and from 3 to 7 wide. Its estimated length is 1,400 miles. The area drained by this stream and its affluents, of which the largest are Clarke's Fork and the Snake river (with very remarkable cañons), has been computed at 298,000 square miles. The river is broken by falls and rapids into many separate portions, and the ingress and egress are embarrassed by a surf-eaten bar. Still, it is open to steamboat navigation from its mouth to the Cascades (160 miles), and goods are carried past the obstruction, for 6 miles, by railway; the next reach, of 50 miles, extends to Dalles, where another railway, of 14 miles, has been constructed past the Great Dalles channel; and immediately above this are two sections, of 185 and 250 miles respectively, navigable for small steamboats. The extraordinarily abundant salmon-fisheries of the Columbia have been largely developed.
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Columbide
a family of birds, the typical one of the sub-order columbacei. The bill is moderate and compressed, having at its base a soft skin in which the nostrils are placed. The feet have three divided toes before and one behind,
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Colure
one of the two imaginary great circles of the celestial sphere intersecting the poles of the world; one passing through the equinoctial points of IONIC COLUMN Aries and Libra and the pole of the equator; and the other through the solstitial points of Cancer and Capricorn, and the poles both of the ecliptic and equator. For this reason the first is called the equinoctial, and the second the solstitial Colure. The name is supposed to have been given to them because a portion of these circles is always concealed from view under the horizon.
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Colvin
SIR SIDNEY, an English critic; born in Norwood, England, June 18, 1845. He became professor of fine arts at Cambridge in 1873. He was keeper of prints and drawings, British Museum (1884-1912). He wrote "Life of Landor" (1881); "Keats" (1887); "Early History of English Engraving" (1905); and edited Edinburgh edition of Stevenson's works; "John Keats, His Life and Poetry" (1917). He was knighted in 1911.
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Colvocoresses
GEORGE PAR- TRIDGE, an American naval officer, born in Norwich, Vt., in 1847. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1869. Prior to that time he had served in the navy in the Civil War. He was commissioned ensign in 1870 and rose through the various grades, becoming captain in 1905. He was retired at his own request as rear-admiral in 1907, after 45 years of service. He was advanced five numbers in grade for conspicuous service at the battle of Manila Bay. He filled nearly every capacity in the naval service, both on shore and at sea.
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Colza
a variety of cabbage. Oil is extracted from the seeds and sometimes burned in lamps.
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Coma
a morbid state which, if considered a distinct disease, is a milder form of apoplexy, but which may be properly regarded as a symptom rather than an idiopathic affection. It is characterized by a morbid condition of the brain, producing loss of sensation and voluntary motion, so that the patient seems as if in a deep sleep. It constitutes the most pronounced state of torpor which can occur. The cerebral functions are suspended in coma, and the nervous and sanguiniferous systems deranged. There are two well-marked types of it, one in which the pulse is oppressed, irregular, and slow; and the other in which it is strong, with a hot skin and other marks of febrile inflammation. When coma is intense it passes into apoplexy. COMA BERENICES ("the Hair of northern constellation Berenice"), a whose origin is sometimes wrongly stated. In his introduction to "Ptolemy's Catalogue" Baily says that though it was a well-known constellation long before Ptolwe emy's time the latter did not introduce it into the Almagest as a distinct constellation, but called it Plokamos (Gr., "hair," or "curls"). It appears to have been restored as a distinct constellation by Tycho Brahe in his catalogue, published after his death, in 1602. It is made up of rather faint stars, none of them brighter than the fourth magnitude. The constellation is surrounded by Ursa Ma- Leo.
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