Cleaning Mainsprings
Workmen have often been seen cleaning a mainspring by seizing it with a rag and then drawing it out pitilessly and unmercifully. No other consequences can follow such treatment than the breakage of the spring on the earliest possible occasion. Cleaning is best done in the following manner: Lay the spring in benzine. As soon as the adhering oil is dissolved, take it out and seize it with a soft linen rag which imbibes the greater part of the adhering benzine. Cover the palm of the left hand with a corner of the rag; put the spring flat upon it and with the index finger of the right hand, around which another part of the rag is wound, press gently upon it, and let it assume a conical shape; by suitable motions of the finger while wiping, the spring will turn, and every part of its blade may easily and thoroughly be cleansed of all impurities. A spring treated in this manner will be freed of all matter, while at the same time its molecular arrangement is not violently interfered with, in a way calculated to injure its elasticity.
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Cleaning Silver Filigree
Anneal your work over a Bunsen flame or with a blowpipe, then let grow cold (and this is the secret of success), and then put in a pickle of sulphuric acid and water, not more than five drops to one ounce of water, and let your work remain in it for one hour. If not to satisfaction, repeat the process.
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Cleaning Silverware
Important: Safety Warning This page contains a formula or preparation using substances now known to be dangerously toxic, such as arsenic, mercury, lead, or cyanide compounds. Exposure to these substances can cause severe poisoning, permanent injury, or death. In addition, this page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes. This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon. Hyposulphate of soda is the simplest and most effective cleansing material for silverware; it operates quickly and is cheap. A rag or brush moistened with the saturated solution of the salt cleanses, strongly oxidized silver surfaces within a few seconds, without the use of cleaning powder. Cleaning Silver Tarnished in Soldering. Expose to a uniform heat, allow it to cool, and then boil in strong alum water; or, immerse for a considerable length of time in a liquid made of one-half ounce of cyanide of potash to one pint of rain water, and then brush off with prepared chalk.
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Cleanthes
a Greek Stoic philosopher of the 3d century B. C. He was a native of Assus, in Lydia; but, visiting Athens, he became a zealous disciple of Zeno, and to enable him to attend on that master in the day, he was accustomed to labor by night. His mental and bodily strength was immense, and despite all obstacles, he studied so successfully as to become, 263 b. c., Zeno's successor. Of his writings only some fragments remain, among which is his noble "Hymn to Zeus."
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Clearfield
a borough of Pennsylvania, the county-seat of Clearfield co. It is on the Pennsylvania, the New York Central and Hudson River, and the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh railroads, and on the Susquehanna river. It is the center of an important coal and fire clay region. Its industries include novelty works, flour mills, knitting mills, brickyards, the manufacture of sewer pipes, cut glass, etc. Pop. (1910) 6,851; (1920) 8,529. 1-Vol. IIІ-Cyc
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Cleat
A narrow or thin piece of metal used to fasten two pieces of metal together by the aid of solder, screws or rivets. CLEMENT, WILLIAM. A London clockmaker, who in 1680, laid claim to the invention of the long or royal pendulum.
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Clef
a character placed at the be- 1920 1919 Clef, which is used either as the alto, tenor, or (rarely) soprano Clef, according to its position on the third, fourth or first line of the stave; and the F Clef, New York... $252,338,249,000 $214,703,444,000 which is either bass or baritone (rare) Boston...... 19,570,085,000 16,990,409,000 Clef, according to its position on the Chicago. 32,845,595,000 28,223,025,000 fourth or third line of the stave. Philadelphia. 25,035,910,000 21,320,246,000 St. Louis.. 8,557,096,000 8,065,368,000 CLÉMENCEAU, GEORGES BEN- San Francisco 8,272,028,000 Baltimore.. 4,843,326,000 4,196,983,000 6,703,134,000 JAMIN EUGENE, French statesman; Pittsburgh... 8,549,277,000 6,998,946,000 born at Féole, Vendée, Sept. 28, 1841. Cincinnati 3,567,833,000 Kansas City.. New Orleans. 3,562,716,000 2,890,884,000 12,318,929,000 11,036,406,000 whence he went to Paris, where he began 3,047,801,000 His early schooling was at Nantes, Minneapolis. 3,521,955,000 Detroit.. 5,063,224,000 Louisville. 1,153,048,000 Cleveland... Other cities.. 6,755,509,000 67,065,470,000 Total...... $463,020,250,000 $387,091,941,000
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Clematis
a genus of the buttercup family. There are over one hundred fifty species; about twenty in North America . The wild species are chiefly copsewood climbers with inconspicuous, greenish flowers and long tailed, cottony fruit; or else they are low, erect, few-flowered herbs with bell-shaped purple sepals. The best known species is the common virgin's bower . The latter and the cultivated species are fine trellis climbers. Blue, white, purple, and rose colored, they offer fine shade and masses of rich color. See Buttercup
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Clemenceau
GEORGES B. E. In 1922 he visited the United States and spoke to large audiences in many cities, appealing for renewed American cooperation with Europe in the settlement of problems arising out of the World War. CONSTANTINE I OF GREECE. As the result of a disastrous campaign against the Turkish Nationalists in Asia Minor, for which King Constantine was held responsible, he was forced to abdicate a second time (September 27, 1922), this time in favor of his eldest son, Prince George. He died suddenly at Palermo, Sicily, January 11, 1923.
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Clemenceau, Eugene
Eugene (1841-), a French political leader and journalist. He studied medicine at Paris, began to practice, but was drawn into local politics. When the Franco-Prussian War came on he found himself a leader of the radical party and mayor of the Montmartre section of the city. In 1876 he became the leader of the radical Republicans in the Chamber of Deputies. Clemenceau was in position more than once to head the French ministry, but as often refused, preferring to be on the offensive rather than the defensive. He suffered severely in reputation on account of the De Lesseps-Panama scandals, and failed of reelection. He is known best perhaps as the editor of La Justice, the organ of the radical party.
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