Each of these 11 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
WILLIAM CHURCHILL, an American playwright, born in Wash- N. C., in 1878. He soldiers, he surrendered himself at length ingtomerican Academy of Drastudied at and in 1900 became a writer of plays. Among those successfully produced were "Strongheart," "The Warrens of Virginia," "The Land of the Free," and "The Woman." He also prepared and directed many successful moving picture plays.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a coeducational institution in Greencastle, Ind.; founded in 1837, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; reported at the end of 1899: Professors and instructors, 53; students, 853; volumes in the library, 48,000; productive funds, $2,115,794; income, $161,379; president, George Richmond Grose, D.D., LL.D.
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a city of Wisconsin, in Brown co. It is on the Fox river, and on the Chicago and Northwestern, and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroads, and is a port of call of lake steamers. Its industries include the manufacture of bricks, pottery, writing paper, boilers, gasoline engines, yachts, woolen goods, etc. It is the seat of St. Norbert's College. In the neighborhood are important limestone quarries. There is a considerable trade in cattle, grain, and hay. The river is spanned by a bridge 1,600 feet long. Pop. (1910) 4,447; (1920) 5,165.
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JOHANNES, a New York merchant; born in Haarlem, Holland, in 1600; was one of the early settlers of New York; and became prominent in public affairs during the Dutch possession; was one of the last to swear allegiance to the crown after the English succeeded to the government; served several times as alderman and deputy mayor. One son, Abraham, became chiefjustice, president of the king's council, and acting governor; another, Johannes, mayor; a third, Isaac, member of the Legislature; and a fourth, Cornelius, first chamberlain of New York. He died in New York about 1685.
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in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church, one of the seven penitential psalms, the 130th of the Psalms of David, which in the Vulgate begins with these words, signifying, "Out of the depths." It is sung when the bodies of the dead are committed to the grave.
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THOMAS, an English author; born in Manchester, Aug. 15, 1785. He received a classical education at the grammar-school of Bath, and entered the University of Oxford in 1803, where he remained till 1808. While there he contracted the habit of eating opium. In 1809, after leaving Oxford, he resided at Grasmere for 27 years. Here he cultivated the friendship of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey, and other distinguished authors. He made German literature and philosophy his special study, and translated some of the works of Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Lessing, and Richter. At first he took opium only once a week, but gradually the evil habit grew upon him, and at last he took it daily. The consequences he describes in his principal work, "The Confessions of an English Opium-eater." In 1823 he went to London, where he published his " "Suspiaria de Profundis," his "Templar's Dialogues," etc. His published works include: "Letters to a Young Man Whose Education has been Neglected" (1823); "Logic of Political Economy" (1844); "Klosterheim" (1839); etc. He died in Lasswade, near Edinburgh, Dec. 8, 1859.
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JEAN, a dramatic tenor, born in Poland in 1850. His voice attracted attention while he was yet a boy. He studied law and obtained his degree, but chose a singing career in preference to a legal one. After some years of training he made his first appearance at Venice in 1874, but was physically unequal to the strain of continued singing. For a while he gave up the career he had preferred, but gaining in strength later, he re-entered the profession and for a quarter of a century was one of the most successful and accomplished singers on either side of the Atlantic.
EDOUARD, a Polish opera singer, born in 1855 at Warsaw. In the early years of his life he studied scientific agriculture and for some time took care of the family estates in Silesia. About 1875 at the suggestion of his older brother he studied voice culture under the eminent masters of his day, and in 1876 made his début in Paris as a basso. During the last decade of the 19th century he was one of the most popular singers in the operas given in New York and London . He died in 1917.
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SIR AUBREY, an Irish poet; born in Currah Chase, Aug. 28, 1788. His works are: "Julian the Apostate; a Dramatic Poem" (1822); "The Duke of Mercia: a Historical Drama," the volume containing also "The Lamentations of Ireland" (1823); "The Song of Faith," (1842); ; and Drama" Historical "Mary Tudor: a (1847). His sonnets Wordsworth declared to be "the most perfect of our age." He died July 5, 1846.
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THEODORE LOW, an American printer; born in Stamford, Conn., Dec. 25, 1828. He learned the printer's trade and became an employe and later partner of Francis Hart, upon whose death he founded the firm of Theodore L. De Vinne & Co. in New York City. He wrote "The Practice of Typography" (1900); "Title Pages" (1902); "Notable Printers of Italy in the 15th Century" (1910). He died in 1914.
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HUGO, a Dutch botanist, born in 1848 at Harlem. He was educated at Leyden and German universities, and in 1871 joined the staff of the University of Amsterdam as a lecturer. He afterward became professor of botany but at that institution. He devoted special , attention to the development of the theory of mutation and made important , contributions to that branch of evolutionary science. His researches resulted in a change of the method of studying evolution from observation to experimental work. He wrote several books, including " Plant Breeding" (1907).
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CHRISTIAN, a Boer military officer; born in Smithfield, Orange Free State (now Orange ange River State), in October, 1859. He was bred a farmer and made a small fortune. He became a member of the Volksraad. Though practically without military experience, he served ably in the Boer-British War of 1899-1900, attaining the rank of general and outwitting the pursuit of Kitchener and Roberts in the summer of 1900, and of the former in the early part of 1901. His stand at Sanna's Post was highly praised by military experts. In 1907 he was a member of the first Parliament of the Orange River Colony and Minister of Agriculture. In October, 1914, he led an insurrection and surrendered to General Louis Botha on Dec. 2, 1914. He was sentenced to six years' imprisonand pay fine of $10,000, but within a short time was pardoned. He published "Three Years of War" (1902).
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