Daghestan
a province of Transcaucasia, Russia, stretching along the W. side of the Caspian Sea; area, 11,471 square miles. Its fertile and tolerably cultivated valleys produce good crops of grain, and also silk, cotton, flax, tobacco, etc. The inhabitants, almost all professed Mohammedans, consist chiefly of races of Tartar origin and of Circassians. Capital, Derbend. Pop. about 700,000. DAGNAN-BOUVERET, PASCAL ADOLPHE JEAN, a French historical and portrait painter. Born in Paris in 1852 and, after years of study, won success with a picture entitled "The Consecrated Bread" (1886), now displayed in the Luxembourg. Other important paintings of his are "The Conscripts" (1891); "Spanish Dancer" (1909); and "Marguerite au Sabat" (1912). In 1885 he was made Chevalier of the Legion of Honor and in 1889 received the first medalon of the Salone for this painting Specimens of his work are in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art and in many European galleries.
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Dago
an island formerly belonging to Russia, now part of the Republic of Esthonia, to the S. W. of the entrance of the Gulf of Finland, with productive fisheries. The inhabitants, almost all Swedes, are about 17,500. Area, 370 square miles. DAGOBERT I. (dä-gō-běr'), (called the Great on account of his military successes), King of the Franks, in 628 succeeded his father Clothaire II. After a successful magnificent, but licentious reign, he died at Epinay in 638.
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Dagon
a national god of the Philistines worshiped at Gaza (Judges xvi:21- 30), Ashdod (I Sam. v: 5, 7, and I Chron. x: 10), and elsewhere.
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Daguerre
LOUIS JACQUES MANDE (dä-gār'), a French inventor; born in Cormeilles, Seine-et-Oise, in 1789. Ne was a scene-painter at Paris, and as early as 1814 had his attention directed by Nicéphore Niepce to the subject of photographic pictures on metal. In 1829 they made a formal agreement to work out the invention together, but it was not till after Niepce's death, on July 5, 1833, that Daguerre succeeded in perfecting the process since called daguerreotype. The new process excited the greatest interest. Daguerre was made an officer of the Legion of Honor, and an annuity of 6,000 francs was settled on him. Daguerre died July 10, 1851.
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Daguerreotype
da-ger'o-tip, a picture produced by the earliest process of photography. The method was described in 1837 by Daguerre of Paris, for whom the process was named. The lights and shadows of a figure were fixed by light rays on a copper plate, thinly coated with silver. The plate was first placed in a bath of iodine vapor to render it sensitive. Old-fashioned daguerreotypes may be found among family treasures. They differ from photographs in that each exposure yielded one picture--a positive which could not be multiplied. To obtain six picture it was necessary to sit six times. Daguerre was rewarded by the French government by membership in the Legion of Honor and a pension of $1,200. See Photography
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Daguerreotype Process
the original photographic process, consisting in sensitizing a silver plate with the vapor of iodine, and then placing it in a camera obscura previously focused, and afterward developing the picture by vapor of mercury. It is then fixed by immersion in hyposulphate of sodium. After thorough washing and drying the picture is covered with glass to prevent its being rubbed off. Daguerreotype has now been superseded by the collodion and other processes. See PHOTOGRAPHY.
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Dagupan
a town on the Dagupan river, near the Gulf of Lingayen on the island of Luzon, in the Philippines, in the province of Pangasinan; on the railroad from Manila, and about 130 miles N. W. of that city. It is situated in a fertile region, producing chiefly corn, sugar, and tobacco. Pop. about 25,000.
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Dahlak
a group of three islands, with many smaller rocks, in the Red Sea, off the Bay of Massowah. They were famous in Roman times for their pearlfisheries, but the beds have long since been exhausted and abandoned. The islands are a dependency of Italy. Area, about 420 square miles; pop. about 1,500.
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Dahlia
dal'ya, a genus of flowering herbs, remotely akin to sunflowers and asters, and closely related to the coreopsis and beggar's tick. There are several wild species, native to Mexico. The dahlia was named by Linnaeus for his student, Dr. Dahl. The original plant is said to be eight feet high, with a single row of dull scarlet rays and a yellow center. Florists now claim 2,000 varieties, mostly double, in every hue known to the horticultural show. The dahlia is raised generally from spindle-shaped tubers, of which the plant produces a cluster late in autumn. They need the same care as potatoes. The dahlia has been considered a coarse flower, but of late it is sharing the interest which has been shown in the chrysanthemum. One of the popular new forms has flowers not unlike a cactus, and is called the cactus variety.
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Daingerfield
ELLIOTT, an American artist, born at Harper's Ferry, Va., in 1859. He was educated in the public schools and privately, studied art at the Art Students' League in New York, and first exhibited at the National After Academy of Design in 1880. spending several years in Europe in the study of art, he became a public lecturer on art subjects and head of the Permanent Art School at Blowing Rock, N. C. He received medals at several expositions and numerous prizes for excellence in painting, was a member of the National Academy and of the Fine Arts Federation, wrote monographs on George Inness and R. A. Blakelock, and was a frequent contributor on art topics to newspapers and magazines.
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Dairen
or DALNY, a port on the peninsula of Liao-tung, Manchuria, about 19 miles N. of Port Arthur. The large harbor is ice-free and affords anchorage for ocean-going vessels. Considerable trade passes through it between Russia, Japan, and China, and the trade continually increases. The Japanese occupied it in 1904 and it was included in the lease to Japan of the Liao-tung peninsula in 1904 (extended in 1915 to 99 years) becoming in 1906 a free port. The port serves as the eastern terminus to the Siberian Railway, and is connected by rail with Mukden, Harbin, and the East China railway system. Dalny is the customs port for all leased territory, and the seat of the Japanese governor-general and administration. Imports (1918), 83,521,131 haikwan taels (tael=about $1.00); exports, 91,301,399 yen. During 1920 it figured in the Japanese operations against Russia. Pop. about 55,000.
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