Dogwatch
on shipboard, a name given to each of two watches of two hours each instead of four, adopted for the purpose of varying the hours of watches kept by each part of the crew during the 24 hours, otherwise the same watch would invariably fall to the same men. In order to obviate this the watches are arranged thus: 8 to 12 P. M. (a); 12 to 4 A. M. (b); 4 to 8 A. M. (a); 8 to 12 A. M. (6); 12 to 4 P. M. (a); 4 to 6 P. M. (b), dogwatch; 6 to 8 P. M. (a), dogwatch; 8 to 12 P. M. (b) and so on.
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Dohrn
ANTON (dōrn), a German zoölogist; born in Stettin, Dec. 29, 49; studied at Königsberg, Bonn, Jena, and Berlin, lectured for a time on zoölogy at Jena, and in 1870 founded the great zoological station at Naples. As an embryologist he devoted himself mainly to the development of insects and crustaceans; and besides reports, published works on the origin of the vertebrates. He died Sept. 29, 1909.
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Doit
a small copper coin current in Scotland during the reigns of the Stuarts. It was a Dutch coin, in value equal to the eighth of an English penny, or half a farthing.
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Dolabella
PUBLIUS CORNE- LIUS (dol-a-bel'lä), the son-in-law of Cicero, who took sides with Julius Cæsar in the civil served under him at Pharsalia, Thapsus, and Munda, and was made by him consul and governor of Syria. He was deprived of his government by Cassius, and revenged himself by putting to death Trebonius, governor of Asia Minor, and one of the assassins of the dictator. Declared an enemy of the republic for this act, he took refuge in Laodicea, where he was besieged by Cassius and compelled to commit suicide, 43 b. c.
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Dolbear
AMOS EMERSON, an American physicist and inventor; born in Norwich, Conn., Nov. 10, 1837; was a valuable contributor to science. Among his publications are: "The Art of Projecting" (1876); "The Speaking Telephone" (1877); "Sound and Its Phenomena," and "Matter, Ether, and Motion." He patented the magneto-electric telephone and the static telephone in 1879. He died in 1910.
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Dolci
CARLO or CARLINO (dol' che), a painter of the Florentine school; born in Florence in 1616. He received his first instruction in art from Jacopo Vignali, a pupil of Roselli. His works consist chiefly of madonnas and saints. The faces are full of a pleasing and tender softness, which, however, wever. is often carried so far as to rob them of all character. His works are numerous and his his "St. the Bread and as with the Head of ," in Dresden. He died 1st,' 686. DOLCINITES (from Dolcino, their founder), a Christian sect which arose in Piedmont in 1304, under the leadership of Dolcino, who was opposed to the papacy, and otherwise held tenets like those of the spiritual Franciscans and the Paterines of Lombardy. At the instance of the Inquisition troops were sent against them in 1307. After making a brave resistance Dolcino and a number of his followers were captured. ured. They were first tortured and then burned alive.
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Doldrums
among seamen, the parts of the ocean near the equator that abound in calms, squalls, and light baffling winds; otherwise known as the horse-latitudes. DÔLE, a town in the French department of Jura, on the Doubs, 29 miles S. E. of Dijon by rail rail . It contains a Gothic cathedral, a college, and a library; and it has quarries, foundries, manufactures of metal wares, and a trade in wine and cheese. Pop. about 16,000. Dôle, the birthplace of Pasteur, is the Dola Sequanorum of the Romans, of whom many traces remain. It was in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries a strong and oft-disputed fortress, and the capital of the Franche-Comté with a university and a parliament
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Dolerite
a variety of trap-rock, consisting of labradorite and pyroxene, with generally some magnetite. It may be either light-colored crystalline, or granitoid, or dark-colored, compact, massive; either porphyrite or not, sometimes crypto-crystalline, and also a cellular lava. It includes much of the so-called trap, greenstone, and amygdaloid.
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Dolet
ETIENNE (dō-lā'), "the martyr of the Renaissance"; born in Orleans, France, in 1509. At the age of 12 Dolet went to the University of Paris, where his attention was directed to the study which became the chief interest of his life the writings of Cicero. In 1534 Dolet left Toulouse for Lyons where he killed a person of the name of Compaing. Having received the royal pardon, he continued to reside in Lyons, always under strong suspicion of heresy. At length, in 1544, he was found guilty of heresy on a charge mainly based on an alleged mistranslation of Plato, in which he was accused of denying the immortality of the soul. After two years' imprisonment, Dolet was burned in the Palace Maubert, Paris, Aug. 3, 1546.
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Dolichocephalic
long-headed; an epithet applied to those human skulls in which the transverse diameter or width from side to side bears a less proportion to the longitudinal diameter, or width from front to back than 8 to 10. Such are the skulls of the west African negroes.
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Dolichos
a genus of papilionaceous plants, tribe Phaeseoleæ sub-tribe Euphaseoleæ. As founded by Linnæus it included many species now transferred to other genera; it is now limited to those which have a linear legume, with incomplete cellular dissepiments, and ovate seeds with a small oval hilum. Even when thus restricted it contains about 70 known species, which are from the tropics of both hemispheres. The legumes of D. sesquipedalis are eaten in the S. of Europe. D. lignosus is one of the most common kidney beans in India. D. unifloris is the horse gram of the same country. The tuberous root of D. tuberosus is eaten in Martinique. The legumes of various species now removed to other genera are eaten.
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Dolichosoma
an amphibian of the Carboniferous period. It is divided by Cope into the genera of Phlegethontia and Molgophis. Fossils have been found in Ohio and Nova Scotia. The Ohio specimens were imbedded in cannel coal formations indicating lake-like conditions during the life of the species.
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