Disease (Any alteration of the normal)
any alteration of the normal vital processes of the body under the influence of some unnatural or hurtful condition, called the morbific cause. If accompanied by change of structure, it is ac called organic or structurel; if not, it is said to be functional. The history of disease includes: (1) Symptomatology, or semeiology, the morbid phenomena or symptoms; (2) etiology, or causes of disease, the specific agents or causes generating or producing disease; (3) the special locality or seat of structural disease: (4) the nature and extent of morbid alterations, or lesions, or the stamps, anatomical signs, or evidence of its existence, in connection with its symptoms, causes, and course during life- morbid anatomy; and (5) morbid histology, or the elementary constituents of diseaseproducts. There are usually three
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Dishonor
in commerce and banking, a default of payment. If, when a bill is presented for acceptance, the person on whom it is drawn refuses to accept it, or if, when presented for payment, the acceptor refuses to pay it, or if a promissory note is not paid when it falls due, such default is termed dishonor; and the holder of the bill or note is bound to give notice to the parties who drew the bill or note or to those who have negotiated it. This notice is called notice of dishonor or protest, and if the holder fails to give notice of the same, the parties who would otherwise have been responsible are discharged from their liability.
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Dislocation
a surgical term applied to cases in which the articulating surfaces of the bones have been forced out of their proper places. The particular dislocation takes its name either from the joint itself or its farthest bone, and is called compound when accompanied with an external wound. The most common dislocations are those of the hip, shoulder, elbow, knee, and ankle, and the chief obstacle to their reduction is the spasmodic and violent contraction of the muscles consequent upon them, the application of considerable force being often necessary to set the joint. Ch Chloroform is of great use, not only in preventing pain but in relaxing the muscles. The most dangerous dislocations are those of the bones of the spine. In geology it signifies the displacement of parts of rocks or portions of strata from the situations they originally occupied.
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Dismas
ST., the name of the penitent thief according to medieval legends.
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Dismas
ST. This tract was entirely covered with trees, with almost impervious brushwood between them, but it has now in part been cleared and drained. In the midst of the swamp is Drummond's Lake, seven miles in length, the scene of Thomas Moore's "Lake of the Dismal Swamp." In 1899, the Dismal Swamp canal, connecting Chesapeake Bay with Albemarle Sound, which from about the beginning of the 19th century to the close of the Civil War was a famous historic waterway, was reopened for navigation. It extends from the village of Deep Creek, Va., to South Mills, N. C., a distance of 22 miles; and is one of the most important links in the chain of inland waterways extending along the coast from New York to Florida. A marked advantage of the restored canal is that it enables shipping to avoid the dangers of Cape Hatteras; another is that it furnishes the means of inland and protected navigation for the smaller vessels of the navy and the revenue service. Although only 22 miles long it opens up 2,500 miles of inland navigation.
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Dispensation
the act by which an exception is made to the rigor of the law in favor of some person. The Pope may release from all oaths or vows, and may sanction a marriage within the prohibited degrees of the Mosaic law, or exempt from obedience to the disciplinary enactments of the canon law. , In England the monarch claimed in similar dispensing former times, a power in civil law, but the prerogative II. that was so much abused by James it was abolished by the Bill of Rights. in The power of commuting sentences in which capital cases is the only form the dispensing power still exists. In ecclesiastical matters a bishop may clergygrant a dispensation allowing a clerg , or man to hold more than one benefice to absent himself from his parish. Dispensations were first granted by Pope Innocent III. in 1200, and, being paid for, became a source of considerable revenue to the Holy See. Appeal to them on the part of English subjects was rendered illegal by 25 Henry VIII., c. 21, passed in 1533. A certain dispensing power was continued to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and an ordinary bishop can still dispense with the law of the Church in many cases.
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Dispersion
the decomposition of light, passing through a prism or anything similar, into the rainbow colors; or the angle of separation of two selected rays, say the red and the violet produced by a prism.
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Disraeli
BENJAMIN. See BEA-
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Disruption
the name commonly applied in Scotland to the act by which, in 1843, 474 ministers and professors of the Established Church gave up their livings to vindicate principles which they held to be essential to the purity of the Church, and in harmony with its earlier history.
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Dissection
the act or science of cutting up or dissecting an animal or for the purpose of exvegetable vegetable body amining the structure and use of its several organs and tissues; the dissection of the human body for purposes of Philascience was ordered by Ptolemy of Alexandria. He delphus in the college even authorized the vivisection of criminals condemned to death. Herophilus of Cos was among the first of the proin this great school of medicine. fessors
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Dissenters
the common name by which in Great Britain all Christian denominations, excepting that of the rches Established Churches, are usually designated, though in acts of Parliament it generally includes only Protestant dissenters, Roman Catholics being referred to under their specific name. The Nonconformists were dissenters from the English Church.
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Distich
a couplet of verses, especially one consisting of a Latin or Greek hexameter and pentameter, making complete sense.
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