Diuretics
medicines which cause an increase of the function of the kid neys, and consequently augment the quantity of the urine. They are divided by Garrod into sedative, as squills, scoparium, tobacco, colchicum; and stimulant, as juniper, turpentine, copaiba, cantharides, nitrite of ethyl, alcohol, and water. Indirect diuretics, or hydragogue purgatives, as elaterium, cream of tartar, digitalis, gamboge. Lithontriptics, or remedies which alter the quality of the urine and prevent the crystallization and deposition of the ingredients which form gravel and calculi, as carbonates of lithium, potasmineral sium, sodium, and alkaline waters, etc. Diuretics are given (1) to cause an increased flow of urine when the renal secretion is deficient; (2) to eliminate poisons and matters formed in disease from the blood; (3) to produce a larger flow of urine, to hold in solution substances which would be deposited, and form calculi.
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Diuretin
theobromine sodio-salicylate, Na2C14H12N4O5. A whitish, amorphous powder, odorless, and possessing a sweet taste. Soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether or chloroform. Used in medicine as a diuretic in cardiac dropsy and Bright's disease. Often administered in conjunction with digitalis, which prolongs its diuretic action.
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Diver
one of a family of birds, remarkable for their power and habit of diving. The neck is long, the tail is very short and rounded; the wings short; the bill straight, strong, and pointed. They are confined to N. N. latitudes, whence they migrate further S. in the winter season. The largest of the three European species is the great northern diver, but the other two-the red-throated diver, and the blackthroated diver-are perhaps better known, as they are found in abundance in this country. They live on fish, which they follow under the water, propelling themselves along with their wings as well as their feet.
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Dives
the name popularly adopted for the "rich man" in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, from the Vulgate translation.
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Divi-Divi
de-ve'-de-ve', the pods of a legume-bearing tree of the West Indies and South America . The tree is related to Brazil wood. The pods are about an inch wide and three inches long. They are thin and curl up. The color of the best is a golden brown. Divi-divi pods are astringent. They are rich in tannin. They are employed for tanning leather. The tariff on divi-divi has been the subject of more or less sport on the floors of Congress, but the article is duty free. One hundred thirty-four thousand pounds were imported in 1908. The value of importations for the decade ending 1909 was about $85,000.
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Dividend
in arithmetic, a number which has to be divided by another; thus, if we have to divide 20 by 4, 20 is the dividend, and 4 the divisor. In bankruptcy, the fractional part of the assets of a bankrupt which is paid to the creditor in proportion to the amount of the debt which he has proved against the estate of the debtor. In commerce, the sum periodically payable as interest on loans, debentures, etc., or that periodically distributed as profit on the capital railway or other company.
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Dividing Engine
a machine for marking the divisions on the scales of scientific, mathematical, or other instruments.
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Dividing Plate
See Index. DOG. A clutch. An adjustable stop to change the motion of a machine tool.
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Dividing Range
GREAT, an Australian chain of mountains, forming the watershed between the rivers flowing into the Pacific and those running to the W. It is situated at an average distance of 30 miles from the sea, though in some places it recedes as much as 60 miles, and stretches from Cape York on the N. to Wilson's Promontory on the S. Culminating point, Mount Townshend (7,353 feet).
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Dividivi
the very astringent husks of Cæsalpinia coriaria, imported from South America, in the form of dark brown rolls containing a few flat seeds. The outer rind of the husks contains a large quantity of tannin, together with ready-formed gallic acid. Dividivi is used in tanning.
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Divine Name, The
In Jewish mysticism great stress is laid upon the importance of the Divine Name. It consists of forty-two letters; not, as Moses Maimonides points out, comprised in one word, but in a phrase of several words, which conveyed an exact notion of the essence of God. With the priestly decadence in the last days of the Temple, a name of twelve letters was substituted for the Divine Name, and as time went on even this secondary name was not divulged to every priest, but only to a few. The longer name was sometimes said to contain forty-five or seventy-two letters. The ten Sefiroth are also supposed, in a mystical sense, to be the names of the Deity. The Divine Name Jahveh is greater than "I am that I am, since the latter signifies God as He was before the creation, the Absolute, the Unknowable, the Hidden One; but the former denotes the Supreme Manifestation, the immanence of God in the Cosmos. 66 66
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Divine World
Formerly known as the Adi Plane-is in the theosophic scheme of things, the first or highest world, (in Theosophy ) the world first formed by the divine impulse in the creative process. It is unattainable by man in his present state. (See Theosophy and Solar System .)
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Division
in military matters, a portion of an army consisting of two or more brigades, composed of the various arms of the service, and commanded by a general officer. In the navy, a select number of ships in a fleet or squadron of men-of-war.
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Division (Arithmetic the dividing)
in arithmetic, the dividing of a number or quantity into any parts assigned; one of the four fundamental rules, the object of which is to find how often one number is contained in another. The number to be divided is the dividend, the number which divides is the divisor, and the result of the division is the quotient. Division is the converse of multiplication.
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Division (Mode of determining a question)
the mode of determining a question at the end of a debate in a legislative body. In the House of Representatives at Washington, a division has no traditional formalities, being determined by the rules of the body itself. In the Senate, a division is plished by a roll call. In the British House of Commons the Speaker puts , and declares whether in the question his opinion the "ayes" or the "noes" have it. Should his opinion not be acquiesced in by the minority, minority, the house is cleared, and the "ayes" directed to go into the right lobby and the "noes" into the left, where they are counted by two In tellers appointed for each party. the House of Lords the two sides in a division are called "contents" and "notcontents."
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