Draper
ANDREW SLOAN, an American educator; born in Westford, N. Y., June 21, 1848. He served in the New York Legislature; was appointed by President Arthur one of the judges of the Court of Alabama Claims; was State Superintendent of Public Instruction in New York in 1866-1892, superintendent of schools in Cleveland, O., in 1892-1894; and in 1894 became president of the University of Illinois, which position he held for 10 years. In 1903 he was elected president of the National Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. He was chosen Commissioner of Education of the State of New York in 1904. He was author of numerous educational works including "Conserving Childhood" (1909), and "Holiday Papers" (1912); Editor of "Self Cul Culture for Young oung People" (10 vols.), 1906, etc. He died in 1913.
JOHN WILLIAM, an American physiologist, chemist, and writer; born near Liverpool, England, May 5, 1811. He came to the United States States in 1833, and took his degree as M. D. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1836. He became Professor of Chemistry in the University of New York in 1841, and in 1850 Professor of Physiology. Among his works are: "Human Physiology" (1856); "History of the Intellectual Development of Europe" (1862), "History of the American Civil War" (1867-1870); "History of the Conflict between Religion and Science" (1875), which was translated into nearly all the languages of Europe. He died in Hastings-on-the-Hudson, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1882.
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Drave
or DRAU (drä've), a European river which rises in Tyrol, flows E. S. E. across the N. of Illyria and the S. of Styria, and between Hungary on the left and Croatia and Slavonia on the right, and after a course of nearly 400 miles joins the Danube 14 miles E. of Essek. It is navigable for about 200 miles.
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Dravidian
a term applied to the vernacular tongues of the great majority of the inhabitants of southern India, and to the people themselves who must have inhabited India previous to the advent of the Aryans. The Dravidian languages are generally considered to belong to belong to the Turanian class, and the family consists of the Tamil, Telugu, Canarese, Malayalam, Tulu, Tuda, Gond, Rajmahal, Oraon, etc. Only the first four mentioned have a literature, that of the Tamil being the oldest and the most important. DRAWBRIDGE. See BRIDGE.
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Draw
A term synonymous with shrink, and used by some to express certain conditions connected with the phenomenon of shrinkage. Holes or depressions caused by natural shrinkage are often called "drawn" places. See SHRINKAGE; FEEDING; SINKING-HEAD.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
Draw Plate
A plate of very hard steel for drawing wire of various shapes and diameters. They are made for drawing round, half-round and square wire. The plates are sometimes formed of jewels for working steel wire, etc. These plates are very handy for readily reducing wire to any desired diameter, and may also be employed for reducing the diameter of bushings.
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Draw, Drill Stock, Duplex Roller & Days
Draw The angle of the locking faces of the pallets, as in the lever escapement. Drill Stock A tool used for nolding drills, the more modern variety having a small chuck on one end for centering and holding the drill. Duplex Roller The ruby roller of the duplex escapement. Days Stars Gain. Days, Stars Gain. Hours. Minutes. Seconds. Hours. Minutes.
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Draw-back
A portion of mould, which owing to some peculiarity of form in the pattern, or because of some difficulty presented in closing or finishing the mould, must be slided back or lifted away altogether. When this occurs in moulds that are made entirely in flasks, some portion, or all of a cheek-part, is made to answer by attaching inside bars, or a connected bottom-plate to carry the sand. But, when the mould is all contained in the floor, a plate with lifting-handles is cast, on which to carry away the desired part. The plate is termed a drawback plate. See CHEEK; FALSE CORE.
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Drawback Plate
See DRAWBACK. Draw-gates are so called because they are set between the pattern and a down-gate, a slight taper permitting of their being withdrawn either towards the mould or in the opposite direction, whichever is the most convenient. See GATES; DOWN-GATE. Draw-hooks is a simple iron or steel hook for drawing or lifting patterns from the sand. Ordinarily, a common eye at the opposite end answers for lifting by, but an excellent combination of steel hook and raw hide mallet may now be obtained; also a steel hook provided with a spherical head of hard rubber, both of which afford a handy means for rapping small patterns as well as drawing them.
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Drawing Air
A common but incorrect term for the violent commotion occurring at the down-gate, when, because of the too limited area of basin-runner, where it connects with the down-gate, there is not a sufficient body of metal to keep it full, and thus check the escape of expanded air from the mould. See DOWN-GATE.
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Drawing and Quartering
the punishment for treason in Great Britain in force till 1870.
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Drawing-down
When the cope part of a casting shows an unevenly buckled surface, with shell-scabs in parts, it is technically spoken of as "drawn-down," or "drawn-in." Although this phenomenon is not unknown in loam and dry-sand work, it is chiefly in green-sand copes that it occurs. Very damp copes with no vents are apt to be drawn down as above described, because of the rapid generation of steam, which can find no other means of escape. Especially is this the case when the mould is long in filling. Sand with too much clay is always liable to buckle if subjected to a long-continued heat, as the skin dries-into a cake, expands, and buckles, sometimes falling off in flakes before the mould is full. Silica, or fire-sand, comparatively free from lime, brought up to the requisite degree of consistency by a slight admixture of clay, will invariably hold together under the severest trials, if well vented with a small wire, in order to lead the steam from the surface to the outside. In important cases it is a wise precaution to cover the cope-vents with loose sand. Vents, if left uncovered, permit a too free escape of air from the mould, and the cope surface is to that extent robbed of such support as the compressed air within gives to it. See VENTING.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding